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CMS Advanced 2024 > Australia > Flashcards

Australia Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

When did vines arrive in Australia? Who brought them?

A
  1. The “First Fleet”. 11 ships departed from Portsmuth, England and settled in Botany Bay and Sydney. Comprised of military, sailors, cooks, and masons (almost 700 were former convicts).
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2
Q

What result did the Australian gold rush have on Australian wine? When happened when the gold rush ended?

A

Immigration of European free settlers. Improved the expertise in wine making and helped to spread the vine around the southeast of Australia. When the gold rush ended, it caused a division between hyper-local and export driven wineries.

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3
Q

Which two major wine producers were founded in the 1840s? Who are they now owned by?

A

Lindemans (est 1843), Penfolds (est 1844). Owned by Treasury Wine.

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4
Q

How has Australia controlled phylloxera? Where is it confined to?

A

Government created quarantine zones: Phylloxera Infestation Zone (PIZ), Phylloxera Exclusion Zone (PEZ), Phylloxera Risk Zone (PRZ). Victoria has 4 PIZ, NSW has 2 PIZ.

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5
Q

What is the predominant state for Australian wine production? What was it’s predecessor?

A

South Australia (produces 51% of Australia’s wine). Preceded by Victoria, which was wiped out by phylloxera.

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6
Q

What style of wine was popular in Australia from post-phylloxera until the 1960s? Where and why?

A

Sweet fortified wines. Murray, Darling, Murrumbidgee Rivers: warm areas that were cultivated through irrigation.

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7
Q

What event helped develop the British and US taste for Australian wine?

A

WWII. Australia was the key exporter of wine to the British and supplied the US Army with wine during the beer shortage.

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8
Q

What packaging technology was invented by the Australians?

A

Bag-in-box. They were also early adopters of the Stelvin closure.

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9
Q

What city is the heart of Australian wine education and technology? What are the prominent organizations?

A

Adelaide: Australian Wine Research, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), University of Adelaide

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10
Q

What winemaking practice is not permitted in Australia?

A

Chaptalization

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11
Q

Which two regions account for 50% of Australia’s wine production?

A

Riverland (South Australia), Riverina (NSW)

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12
Q

What method is central to the winemaking philosophy of Australian winemaking?

A

Blending

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13
Q

What are two examples of older Australian producer cult wines? What are two examples of newer producer cult wines?

A

Older: Penfolds Grange, Yalumba “Octavius”. Newer: Clarendon Hills “Astralis”, Torbreck “Run Rig”

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14
Q

Why does Australia have some of the oldest vines in the world? How old are they?

A

Control of phylloxera. Some vine are over 150 years old and on their own rootstock.

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15
Q

What organization maintains oversight for the wine industry in Australia? When were they established?

A

Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation. Est 1981.

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16
Q

What are the minimums for variety, vintage, and region in Australia?

A

85%

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17
Q

What is the geographical naming system used in Australia?

A

Geographical Indication (GI)

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18
Q

What are the categories of Australian wine areas from broadest to smallest?

A

Multi-state zone, State, zone, region, sub-region

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19
Q

What is the multi-state zone? When was it established, and what regions are encompassed?

A

South Eastern Australia. 1996. All of Victoria, Tasmania, NSW; plus the wine growing areas of Queensland and South Australia

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20
Q

What are the primary white varieties of Western Australia?

A

Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc (Semillon and SB are often blended)

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21
Q

What are the primary red varieties of Western Australia?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon and BDX varieties

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22
Q

What are the five zones of Western Australia from the coast going inland?

A 
Coastal:
West Australian South East Coastal
South West Australia
Greater Perth
Inland:
Central Western Australia
Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia
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23
Q

Which zones of Western Australia have regions?

A

Greater Perth

South West Australia

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24
Q

What are the regions of the Greater Perth zone?

A

Peel
Perth Hills
Swan District

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25
Q

What is the sub-region of Swan District?

A

Swan Valley

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26
Q

What is the hottest GI in Australia?

A

Swan Valley

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27
Q

What are the regions of the South West Australia zone?

A 
Margaret River
Geographe
Blackwood Valley
Manjimup
Pemberton
Great Southern
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28
Q

Who are the “first five” of the Margaret River?

A

Leeuwin Estate, Cullen, Cape Mentelle, Vasse Felix, Moss Wood

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29
Q

What are the sub-regions of the Great Southern region?

A 
Denmark GI
Albany GI
Porongurup GI
Frankland River GI
Mount Barker GI
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30
Q

Who are the “top producers” in the Margaret River?

A

Cullen, Vasse Felix, Leeuwin Estate and Cape Mentelle

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31
Q

Which zones are part of the Adelaide Superzone from the coast inland?

A

Barossa, Fleurieu, Mount Lofty Ranges

32
Q

What are the regions of the Barossa zone?

A

Barossa Valley

Eden Valley

33
Q

Where is High Eden located?

A

Sub-region at the highest elevation of the Eden Valley region, in the Lofty Mountain zone, in the state of South Australia

34
Q

What are the regions of the Fleurieu zone?

A 
McLaren Vale GI
Langhorne Creek GI
Currency Creek GI
Kangaroo Island GI
Southern Fleurieu GI
35
Q

What are the regions of the Mount Lofty Ranges zone?

A

Adelaide Hills
Adelaide Plains
Clare Valley

36
Q

Where is McLaren Vale GI located?

A

On the coast of the Gulf St Vincent, within the Fleurieu zone, in the Adelaide Super Zone, in the state of South Australia

37
Q

What is the body of water at the center of the Adelaide Superzone?

A

Gulf St Vincent

38
Q

What are the sub-regions of the Adelaide Hills?

A

Picadilly Valley

Lenswood

39
Q

What is the furthest north zone of the South Australia GIs?

A

Far North

40
Q

Which regions is overlaps from the Far North zone into the Mount Lofty Ranges?

A

Southern Flinders Ranges

41
Q

What is the southernmost zone in South Australia?

A

Limestone Coast

42
Q

What is the major body of water along the coast of South Australia?

A

Great Australia Bight, part of the Southern Ocean

43
Q

Which region of the Limestone Coast is adjacent to the coast?

A

Mount Benson

44
Q

What are the regions of the Limestone Coast?

A 
Coonawarra GI
Padthaway GI
Mount Benson GI
Robe GI
Wrattonbully GI
Mount Gambier GI
45
Q

Where is Coonawarra located?

A

Coonawarra is a region adjacent to the state of Victoria, within the Limestone Coast zone, in the state of South Australia

46
Q

What are the zones of the South Australia GI?

A 
Far North
The Peninsulas
Mount Lofty Ranges
Barossa
Lower Murray
Fleurieu
Limestone Coast
Adelaide Superzone
47
Q

What is the climate of Coonawarra? What is it’s most famous varietal?

A

Cool, maritime. Cabernet Sauvignon.

48
Q

What is the prominent soil type of Coonawarra?

A

Terra Rossa

49
Q

What is Terra Rossa?

A

From Italian “red rock”. Clay/ silt topsoil with good drainage, which is decomposed from and overlays limestone and dolomitic bedrock.

50
Q

What are the predominant varieties of McLaren Vale?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Rhône Varieties, Mourvedre

51
Q

What is the Australian synonym for Mourvedre?

A

Mataro

52
Q

What varieties and styles are common to the Adelaide Hills GI?

A

Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir. Still and sparkling wine.

53
Q

Barossa Valley GI

A

-the “top” GI for Shiraz in Australia
-home of 150 year old vines
-

54
Q

What are hogsheads?

A

300L American oak barrels

55
Q

What is the most famous wine from Eden Valley?

A

Henschke’s “Hill of Grace”

56
Q

What is the mountain range that runs through New South Wales? What is it’s effect?

A

The Great Dividing Range. Rain shadow effect, leaving the inland NSW very dry and arid.

57
Q

What is the irrigation area of the arid western portion of New South Wales?

A

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

58
Q

What is the largest wine production GI in NSW?

A

Riverina

59
Q

Who produces Yellow Tail wine?

A

Casella

60
Q

What is the famous sweet wine of Riverina? What style is it?

A

“Noble One” by De Bortoli. Botryisized Semillon.

61
Q

What is the climate of Hunter?

A

Sub-tropical, with high humidity and strong wind.

62
Q

Where is Hunter located?

A

The Hunter region is the southern half of the Hunter Valley zone, within the state of New South Wales.

63
Q

What percentage of Hunter wine production is white?

A

60%

64
Q

What is a synonym for “Hunter Riesling”?

A

Semillon

65
Q

What is the most famous wine from Hunter?

A

Tyrrell’s “Vat 1”

66
Q

What is the mountain range adjacent to the Hunter Valley region?

A

Brokenback Mountains

67
Q

What variety is Broke Fordwich notable for?

A

Old vine Verdelho.

68
Q

Where is Canberra located?

A

Canberra is an inland region of the Southern NSW zone, in the state of New South Wales

69
Q

What notable producer is located in Canberra? What style of wine do they produce?

A

Clonakilla. Syrah/ Viognier co-ferment.

70
Q

What is the climate type of Tumbarumba? What styles of wine are produced?

A

Cool, alpine. In the foothills of the Snowy Mountians. Still and sparkling from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.

71
Q

What are the zones of New South Wales from the coast moving inland?

A 
Coastal:
-Northern Rivers
-Hunter Valley
-South Coast
Foothills:
-Northern Slopes
-Central Ranges
-Southern NSW
Western (dessert):
-Western Plains
-Big Rivers
72
Q

What are the regions of the Big Rivers zone?

A 
Regions:
Murray Darling GI
Perricoota GI
Riverina GI
Swan Hill GI
73
Q

What are the regions of the Central Ranges zone?

A

Regions:
Cowra GI
Mudgee GI
Orange GI

74
Q

What are the regions of the Hunter Valley zone?

A 
Regions:
Hunter Valley (unofficially split into Upper and Lower Hunter)
Sub-regions:
Upper Hunter Valley GI
Pokolbin GI
Broke Fordwich GI
75
Q

What are the regions of the Southern NSW zone?

A 
Regions:
Canberra District GI
Gundagai GI
Hilltops GI
Tumbarumba GI

CMS Advanced 2024 (34 decks)

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