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Ancient History: Rome > Augustan Building Programme > Flashcards

Augustan Building Programme Flashcards

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1
Q

Who built the Pantheon?

A
  • Marcus Agrippa
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2
Q

What date was the Pantheon built?

A
  • Sometime between 29-19 BC
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3
Q

What was the Pantheon’s purpose?

A
  • Potentially a temple
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4
Q

What happened to the Pantheon?

A
  • Burnt to the ground in 80 AD and was rebuilt by Hadrian in approximately 126 AD
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5
Q

Who built the Ara Pacis Augustae?

A
  • Commissioned by the Roman senate
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6
Q

What date was the Ara Pacis Augustae commissioned? What year was it built?

A
  • Commissioned 17-18 BC

- Finished 13 BC

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7
Q

Where in Rome was the Ara Pacis Augustae built?

A
  • Campus Martius
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8
Q

What was the purpose of the Ara Pacis Augustae? Why was it built?

A
  • It was built to honour Augustus’ return from Spain and Gaul where he had been campaigning
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9
Q

What are the 5 notable features of the Ara Pacis Augustae?

A
  • Depictions of the senate
  • Depictions of priests
  • Depictions of the Imperial Family
  • Depictions of Romulus and Remus
  • Depictions of the gods and heroes
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10
Q

What happened to the Ara Pacis Augustae? (2)

A
  • Lost and rediscovered

- Put in a museum by Mussolini in the 1930s

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11
Q

Who built the Theatre of Marcellus?

A
  • Commissioned by Caesar, but finished by Augustus
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12
Q

What date was the Theatre of Marcellus built?

A
  • 13 BC
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13
Q

Where in Rome was the Theatre of Marcellus built?

A
  • Circus Flaminius
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14
Q

Why was the Theatre of Marcellus built? What was its purpose?

A
  • Dedicated by Augustus to his nephew Marcellus
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15
Q

What happened to the Theatre of Marcellus? (2)

A
  • Turned into a fortress after the fall of Rome

- Top part built into a residence in the 1600s and remains a bed and breakfast

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16
Q

Who was Marcellus?

A
  • Augustus’ nephew and first chosen successor (but he died)
17
Q

Who built the Baths of Agrippa?

A
  • Agrippa
18
Q

What date were the Baths of Agrippa built?

A
  • 25 BC
19
Q

Where in Rome were the Baths of Agrippa built?

A
  • Campus Martius
20
Q

What happened to the Baths of Agrippa?

A
  • Burnt down in 80 AD and rebuilt by Domitian
21
Q

Who built the Forum of Augustus?

A
  • Augustus
22
Q

What date was the Forum of Augustus built?

A
  • Begun in 42 BC and finished 2 BC
23
Q

What was the purpose of the Forum of Augustus? (3)

A
  • Basically a massive common area
  • Used by the senate for military discussions
  • Also place for rite of passage for boys coming of age
24
Q

What were the Forum of Augustus’ notable features?

A
  • The “Temple to Mars Ultor” that was built in the middle of the forum
25
Q

Who built the Arch of Augustus?

A
  • The senate
26
Q

What date was the Arch of Augustus built?

A
  • 27 BC
27
Q

What was the purpose of the Arch of Augustus?

A
  • Marked the end of major road ways in the forum and honoured Augustus’ military achievements, especially Actium
28
Q

What are the notable features of the Arch of Augustus? (2)

A
  • Hoplite shields depicting Jupiter, Apollo, Neptune and Roma
  • Depicts Augustus on a chariot with defeated foes underneath
29
Q

What is a famous line by Suetonius (quoting Augustus) regarding the Augustan building programme? Is it true?

A
  • “I found Rome made of brick, I leave her clothed in marble”
  • Exaggeration - the majority of Rome was still wood and brick residential districts
30
Q

Why would communicating with the people through literature be an issue?

A
  • The majority of the Roman population was illiterate
31
Q

What was the Augustan building programme intended to do?

A
  • Beautify the city and renovate Rome after decades of civil war and neglect
32
Q

What were the three issues that Augustus tackled with his building programme? How did he fix each problem?

A
  • Many Roman buildings had fallen into disrepair
  • Public amenities such as aqueducts, baths and entertainment had bee neglected
  • Many people were unemployed and relied on the grain dole and handouts
  • Major buildings and civic centres were completely renovated in expensive materials such as marble
  • New baths, aqueducts and other amenities were being provided for once again
  • Lots of new building projects meant thousands of new jobs
33
Q

According to Suetonius, what did Augustus build? What were his motives?

A
  • He built the forum as the population had increased (so for the good of Rome)
  • He dedicated a shrine to Jupiter because of a “narrow escape” (he had almost been struck by lightning) - shows him to be pious
  • “to make the approach to the city easier…he personally undertook to rebuild the Flaminian Road”
34
Q

How does Suetonius view Augustus’ building projects? Does he say they were beneficial more for Rome or for Augustus?

A
  • When the people complained of the high price of wine, Augustus retorted “Agrippa has taken good care by building several aqueducts, that men shall not go thirsty”
  • Shows that his projects were for public welfare rather than popularity
35
Q

According to the Res Gestae, what did Augustus restore? Quote?

A
  • Restored many buildings that were damaged or had fallen into disrepair
  • “Without inscribing my name upon them, I restored the Capitol and the Theatre of Pompey, both works at great expense”
36
Q

How does the Res Gestae portray Augustus’ projects and motives? Quote?

A
  • Implies that Augustus spent lots of time and money on improving Rome
  • “Without inscribing my name” - implies credit isn’t important to him
37
Q

According to Strabo, what was Augustus’ concern? What did he do to solve the issue?

A
  • He was particularly concerned with the constant deterioration of the city from fire and collapse
  • He created a fire brigade (the vigiles) and imposed height regulations on buildings
38
Q

According to Ovid, what were Augustus’ motives for his building projects? Give two quotes

A
  • His piety, as he restored temples
  • “Our Saviour Juno…was honoured with new temples”
  • “Beneath his care our temples do not feel the searing touch of age”
39
Q

How do Strabo and Ovid portray Augustus’ building projects?

A
  • Show them to be for the people of Rome and the good of the city, painting Augustus as a hero

Ancient History: Rome (12 decks)

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