auditory tracts

Question 1

primary afferent auditory pathway

Answer 1

CN VIII chochlear part –spiral ganglion–> brainstem at pontomedullary junction –> ascending and descending bundles

ascending –> anterior subdivision of ventral cochlear nucleus
descending –> posterior subdivision of ventral cochlear nucleus and dorsal cochlear nucleus

Question 2

ascending bundle of auditory tract synapses on which nuclei?

Answer 2

anterior subdivision of ventral cochlear nucleus

Question 3

descending bundle of auditory tract synapses on which nuclei

Answer 3

posterior subdivision of ventral cochlear nucleus and dorsal cochlear nucleus

Question 4

dorsal cochlear nucleus

Answer 4

ID sound source elevation and ID complex spectral characteristics of sound

Question 5

ventral cochlear nucleus

Answer 5

horizontal localization of sound

Question 6

monaural tracts

• # ears
• routed to which side?

Answer 6

1 ear, contralateral side

Question 7

monaural tract

-pathway

Answer 7

cell bodies in dorsal cochlear nucleus cross via dorsal acoustic stria (pons) –> ascend lateral lemniscus –> inferior colliculus –> brachium of inferior colliculus –> medial geniculate nucleus –> sublenticular limb of posterior internal capsule –> layer IV of primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus) in temporal lobe

Question 8

Where does the monaural tract cross to the contralateral side?

Answer 8

dorsal acoustic stria of the pons

Question 9

binaural tract

• # of ears
• routed to which side?

Answer 9

2 ears, bilateral

Question 10

binaural tract

-function

Answer 10

receive, compare, and transmit input

Question 11

binaural tract

-pathway

Answer 11

cochlear division of CN VIII –> ventral cochlear nuclei in medulla –> bilateral projection through trapezoid body in the pons –> superior olivary complex (nucleus) –> medial superior olivary nucleus and lateral superior olivary nucleus –> lateral lemniscus –> inferior colliculus –> brachium –> medial geniculate nucleus –> sublenticular portion of internal capsule –> layer IV of primary auditory cortex (herschl’s gyrus)

Question 12

all nerve cells from spiral ganglia will synapse in ___

Answer 12

cochlear nuclei

Question 13

What do the monaural and binaural paths have in common?

Answer 13

inferior colliculus, brachium, medial geniculate nucleus, primary auditory cortex

Question 14

conduction deafness

Answer 14

deficit related to an obstructed or altered transformation of sound to the tympanic membrane or through the ossicle chain

-external or middle ear

Question 15

sensioneural deafness

Answer 15

results from damage to the cochlea, the cochlear part of CN VIII, or to the cochlear nuclei
-ipsilateral

Question 16

central deafness

Answer 16

damage to the central pathways

-problems with localization of sound

Question 17

basilar artery

Answer 17

blood supply to cochlea, auditory nuclei of pons and medulla

Question 18

internal auditory (labyrinthine artery)

Answer 18

• branch of AICA

- inner ear and cochlear nuclei

Question 19

occlusion of AICA

Answer 19

• monaural hearing loss
• facial nerve palsy
• pontine gaze center
• inability to look toward side of lesion

Question 20

short circumfrential branches of the basilar A

Answer 20

superior olivary complex and lateral lemniscus

Question 21

superior cerebellar and quadrigeminal arteries from PCA

Answer 21

inferior colliculus

Question 22

thalamogeniculate arteries

Answer 22

medial geniculate bodies

Question 23

M2 segment of MCA

Answer 23

primary auditory and association cortices

Question 24

dominant hemisphere

Answer 24

LEFT if right handed
may be either if left handed
94% LEFT

Question 25

Wernicke's area

Answer 25

comprehension of spoken language

Question 26

Broca's area

Answer 26

- instruction for language output - planning the movements to produce speech - providing grammatical function of words

Question 27

non-dominant Wernicke's area

Answer 27

interpreting nonverbal signals from other people, interpreting sarcasm, understanding pitch and tone

Question 28

non-dominant Broca's area

Answer 28

instructions for producing non-verbal communication including emotional gestures and intonation of speech

Question 29

pathway of language in the brain

Answer 29

primary auditory cortex --> auditory association cortex --> Wernicke's area --> subcortical connections through arcuate fibers --> Broca's area --> oral and throat region of sensorimotor cortex

Question 30

What part of the brain functions for auditory discrimination?

Answer 30

primary auditory cortex

Question 31

What part of the brain functions for classification of sounds (language vs other sounds)

Answer 31

auditory association cortex

Question 32

What part of the brain functions for auditory comprehension, vocabulary?

Answer 32

Wernicke's area

Question 33

What part of the brain functions to link Wernicke's and Broca's areas?

Answer 33

subcortical connections - arcuate fibers

Question 34

What part of the brain functions for instructions for language output?

Answer 34

Broca's area

Question 35

What part of the brain functions for cortical output to speech muscles?

Answer 35

oral and throat region of sensorimotor cortex

Question 36

function of lateral temporal cortex

Answer 36

semantic knowledge and word recognition (meaning)

Question 37

function of arcuate fasciculus

Answer 37

word repetition

Question 38

function of dorsal motor cortex

Answer 38

motor programs for articulation

Question 39

function of Wernicke's area

Answer 39

word representation and word retrieval

Question 40

auditory agnosia

Answer 40

- lesion to unimodal sensory association cortex bilaterally | - inability to describe a sound that has been heard

Question 41

agnosia

Answer 41

inability to ID an object despite being able to perceive it

Question 42

Wernicke's aphasia (receptive or fluent aphasia)

Answer 42

- defect of the comprehension of language - expression is fine - unable to understand what is said to them - alexia - agraphia - display fluent paraphasic speech - on a spectrum - not aware that they cannot comprehend

Question 43

alexia

Answer 43

unable to read

Question 44

agraphia

Answer 44

unable to write comprehensible language

Question 45

anatomical area of Wernicke's

Answer 45

- temporal lobe: superficial temporal gyrus | - parietal lobe: angular gyrus and supermarginal gyrus

Question 46

Broca's aphasia (expressive aphasia or non-fluent aphasia)

Answer 46

- loss of the ability to speak fluently - can understand spoken and written language - most severe: mutism - less severe: limited speech, short habitual phrases, slow, labored, poor enunciation, telegraphic speech

Question 47

telegraphic speech

Answer 47

nonessential words are omitted

Question 48

Can Broca's aphasia pt understand what is said?

Answer 48

yes - may get frustrated or depressed

Question 49

Can Wernicke's aphasia pt understand what is said?

Answer 49

no, but they don't realize they're not understanding

Question 50

Can Broca's aphasia pt repeat?

Answer 50

no

Question 51

Can Wernicke's aphasia pt repeat?

Answer 51

no

Question 52

global aphsia

Answer 52

- lesion of lateral sulcus - both Wernicke's and Broca's hit - receptive and expressive deficits - reading and writing impaired - won't acknowledge you

Question 53

transcortical aphasia

Answer 53

- can repeat - motor similar to broca's - sensory similar to wernicke's

Question 54

conduction aphasia

Answer 54

- fluent aphasia - lesion of supramarginal gyrus and arcuate fasiculus - can't repeat - intact fluency - good comprehension - speech interupted by word-finding difficulties - reading intact, writing impaired

Question 55

anomic aphasia

Answer 55

word finding difficulties