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Neuro II > Audation > Flashcards

Audation Flashcards

1
Q

Amplitude

A

Loudness

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2
Q

Frequency

A

Pitch

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3
Q

Complexity

A

Timber

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4
Q

Presbycusis

A

Hearing loss with age

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5
Q

What range does human hearing occur

A

20 Hz to 20kHz

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6
Q

Function of external ear

A

Boost sound by 3 kHz

Conduction

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7
Q

Function of ossicles

A

Mechanical advanage to amplify sound

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8
Q

Name 2 attenuative muscles

A 
Tensor typanis (CN V)
Stapeds (CN VII)
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9
Q

Where is perilymph found in the inner ear

A

Scala Vestibuli and Tympani

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10
Q

Where is endolymph found in the inner ear

A

Scala media

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11
Q

Which end of the basilar membrane is narrow & stiff, it is goud at detecting

A

Side nearest the round window

Detects high frequency sounds

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12
Q

Which end of the basilar membrane is wide & floppy, it is goud at detecting

A

Side in helicotrema

Detects low frequency sounds

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13
Q

Which has high K concentration

A

Endolymph (80 mV)

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14
Q

Function of inner hair cells

A

Movement send information to afferent nerve fibers of CN VIII

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15
Q

Role of outer hair cells

A

Electromotile, stiffen basilar membrane

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16
Q

Steps in depolarization

A

Basilar membrane moves
Bend towards tallest kinocilia
K+ enters the outer hair cells from endolymph
Open Ca channels
Neurotransmission release
Outer hair cells elongate to loosen basilar membrane
Cholea amplifiers
K leaves through base of cell so no accumation = quick reset

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17
Q

Steps in hyperpolarization

A 
Basilar membrane moves
Stereocilia on outer & inner hair cells move away from the tallest kinocillia
Reduced K influx from endolymph
Reduced Ca release
Reduced NT release
Outer membrane hair cells lengthen
Basilar membrane stiffens
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18
Q

Steps in auditory pathway

A 
CN 8
Dorsal cochlear in rostral medulla
Superior Olive
Inferior colliculus
Thalamus (Medial Geniculate Nucleus)
Auditory Cortex
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19
Q

What happens in dorsal chochlea/rostral medulla

A

Frequency deduced from ipsilateral side

20
Q

What happens in Antero\postero ventral medulla

A

Intensity & loudness deduced

21
Q

What happens in Superior olive
Medial:
Lateral:

A

Sound localization
Medial: Time delay
Lateral: Intensity difference

22
Q

What happens in somatosensory nucleus

A

Integration of wound with somatosensory inforation
- Startle reflex
- Vestibuloccular Reflex
Filtering background noise

23
Q

Where in the thalamus does auditory information go

A

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

24
Q

Brocha area

A

Speech production

25
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Speech comprehension

26
Q

Supramarginal gyrus

A

Matching auditory phenoms with meaning

27
Q

Angular gyrus

A

Matching written phenoms with meaning

28
Q

Arcuate Fasiculus

A

Matches broca & warnicke’s area (involved in conduction aphasia

29
Q

McGurk Effect

A

Mismatch between visual & auditory information but visual trumps

30
Q

Ventral stream in cortext

A

Pitch
Primary auditory cortex
Inferior Frontal gyrus

31
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

Sound locaization

32
Q

Organization of primary auditory cortex

A

By frequency in columns in superior temporal gyrus

33
Q

Secondary auditory cortex recognizes

A

Combinations of sound

34
Q

Which hemisphere

Pitch

A

Left (Broca’s area)

35
Q

Changes in pitch

A

Right

36
Q

Timbre

A

Right

37
Q

Hyperbycussis

A

Hypersensitivity to loud sounds

38
Q

Auditory agnosia

A

No meaning attached to non-verbal sound

39
Q

Congentital amunusia

A

Tone deafness

40
Q

Tinnitus

A

Perception of sound in the absence of sound

41
Q

Conduction deafness

A

Can’t conduct sound from the inside

42
Q

Nerve deafness

A

Loss of hair cells

43
Q

Acquired hearing loss caused by which 2 antibiotics

A

Streptomycin

Gentamicin

44
Q

Acoustic neuroma

A

Slow growing tumor from schwan cells

45
Q

Menieres disease

A

Progressive hearing loss

46
Q

Furosemide

A

Hair cell contraction, sense of sound or hearing loss

Neuro II (7 decks)

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