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CC > AUBF LEC > Flashcards

AUBF LEC Flashcards

1
Q

3 processes of urine formation

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

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2
Q

What enzyme converts ANGIOTENSIN I TO ANGIOTENSIN II

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme

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3
Q

Secretion of aldosterone stimulates?

A

SODIUM REABSORPTION

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4
Q

Secretion of ADH stimulates?

A

WATER REABSORPTION

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5
Q

Permeable to water and low molecular weight solutes while it excludes proteins larger than albumin

A

Glomerular filtration barrier

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6
Q

The ____ serves as a non selective filter of plasma substances with molecular weights less than 70, 000

A

Glomerulus

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7
Q

3 glomerular filtration barrier cellular layers;

A

Capillary wall membrane
Basement membrane
Visceral epithelium of the bowman’s capsule

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8
Q

Specific gravity of ultrafiltrate

A

1.010

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9
Q

Glomerular filtration rate:

A

90- 120 ml/minute

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10
Q

Final urine volume of:

A

600- 1800 ml

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11
Q

Results from the reduction of the size (diameter of lumen) of efferent arterioles snd glomerular capillaries
- forces fluid to the bowman’s space at a pressure of 55mmHg

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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12
Q

This type of pressure is exerted by the fluid in the bow,an’s space that opposes filtration by 15 mmhg

A

Capsular hydrostatic pressure

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13
Q

This type of pressure is exerted by unflitered proteins in the glomerular capillaries that also opposes filtration at a magnitude of 30 mmHg

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure/ oncotic pressure

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14
Q

This pressure contains the remaining 10 mmhg outcome of these pressure differences that is favorable in the formation of the plasma ultrafiltrate

A

Net filtration pressure

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15
Q

99% (majority of the plasma ultrafiltrate that enters the renal tubules are reabsorbed)

A

Tubular reabsorption

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16
Q

This transport requires no energy and allow movement of solutes along concentration gradient which is from high solute concentration to a low solute concentration

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

17
Q

This transport requires energy to move solutes as it moves against a concentration gradient (low solute to high)

A

Active transport

18
Q

How many percent of the ultra-filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules

A

80%

19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Sodium and chloride are partly reabsorbed while glucose and proteins are almost completely reabsorbed

A

True

20
Q

As the amount of solute increases, the rate of reabsorption increases until the maximum rate of reabsorption is reached

A

MAXIMAL TUBULAR REABSORPTIVE CAPACITY (Tm)

21
Q

Solutes that exhibit Tm includes?

A

Glucose
Amino acids
Proteins
Phosphates
Sulfates
Uric acid

22
Q

Refers to the concentration of solute in plasma ar which the maximal tubular reabsorptive capacity of the tubules has been exceeded

A

Renal threshold

23
Q

Renal threshold of glucose and its tm?

A

160-180 mg/dl
Tm: 350 mg/min

24
Q

Water is reabsorbed throughout the nephron via?

A

OSMOSIS

25
Q

The tubular epithelium in the ____ is selectively impermeable to water despite the presence of an osmotic gradient between the tubular lumen and medullary interstitium due to the histologic characteristics of its epithelium

A

Thin ascending limb of the loops of henle

26
Q

Blood ph is maintained by the:

A

buffering system, respiratory system and kidneys

27
Q

In cases of alkalosis, hydrogen ions are? And incases of acidosis?

A

Alkalosis= hydrogen ions are retained
Acidosis= hydrogen ions are secreted

28
Q

The osmotic gradient of the renal medulla makes it the only tissue in the body that is ? With respect to normal plasma

A

HYPERTONIC

29
Q

A polymer fructose, an extremely stable substance that is neither reabsorbed, nor secreted by the tubules

A

INULIN

30
Q

3 mechanism by which the tubules participate in maintaining blood ph

A
  1. Secretin of H ion in the proximal tubular lumen that reacts with HCO3 to form carbonic acid
    -The HCO3 present in the tubular cells, diffuses to the interstitial fluid and peritubular capillaries to resupply the blood buffer system
  2. Secretory mechanism that involves neutral phosphate salts present in the tubular lumen

Phosphoric acid + ( forms monosodium phosphate or mononasic phosphate

  1. Depends on ammonia secretion and subsequent exchange of sodium for ammonium ions
31
Q

This actively happens in the loops of henle

A

Countercurrent multiplier mechanism

32
Q

This passively happens and involves the vasa recta

A

Countercurrent exchange mechanism

33
Q

Water is passively reabsorbed in the descending loop of henle with solutes not being reabsorbed with t he exception of ure

A

Countercurrent multipliers mechanism

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