Atypical Motor Development Flashcards
Causes of developmental delay
Prematurity
Medical problems like chronic ear infections
Metabolic disorders
Exposure to toxins
Trauma
Stroke
Brain injury
Respiratory distress
Genetic conditions
Abuse/neglect
What is the leading cause of neurodevelopment disabilities in children
Prematurity
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered premature
- Less than 28 weeks
Extremely preterm
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered premature
- 28-less than 32 weeks
Very preterm
A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered premature
- 32-37 weeks
Moderate to late preterm
Prematurity Characteristics
Low birth weight
Low muscle tone, floppy
Easily go into respiratory distress and sustain brain damage
Fragile cardiopulmonary and nervous systems
Lack of body fat
Lack of body fat can leave the preemie susceptible to?
Hypothermia
Preemies have difficulties with what?
Feeding, bc suck/swallow reflex does not develop until 32 weeks of gestation
What does atypical development look like?
Delayed or absent milestones
Altered tone
Atypical motor behavior
Postural asymmetry
Limited engagement in play
Limited social interactions
Delayed or absent milestones
Gross motor
Fine motor
Cognitive
Speech
How is developmental delayed assessed?
Subjective
Objective: developmental
How is developmental delay assessed?
- Subjective
Medical Dx
Birth Hx
PMH/Medications/System review
Developmental Hx
Social/living environment
WHY ARE YOU HERE
Previous management of presenting problem
How is developmental delay assessed?
- Objective: developmental
– observation
Posture
Transitional Mobility
Locomotion
Motor play skills
How is developmental delay assessed?
- Objective: developmental
– Handling
Reflex testing
How is developmental delay assessed?
- Objective: developmental
– Standardized assessments
Norm and criterion referenced
Standardized Developmental Testing
Norm-referenced
Criterion-references
Combo of the above can be used to predict future performance
Screening tests
Comprehensive developmental testing
Standardized Developmental Testing
- Norm-referenced
Identifies children exhibiting delays in a specific skill-set as compared to age-matched peers
Score is usually expressed as percentile rank or z-score
Standardized Developmental Testing
- Criterion-references
Establishing a baseline or comparing the child’s performance to their own across time
Score usually expressed as a percent or raw/scaled score
Measure need to be responsive to change
Standardized Developmental Testing
- Combo of the above can be used to predict future performance, which helps with….
Anticipating child and family needs
Clinical decision-making regarding placement, interventions, prescription of orthotics and adaptive equipment, and env’t adaptations
Standardized Developmental Testing
- Screening tests
Identify children at risk for developmental delay
Brief assessments, often precede detailed developmental testing
Standardized Developmental Testing
- Screening tests
–> Examples
Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)
Standardized Developmental Testing
- Comprehensive Developmental Testing
Establish baseline
Determine eligibility for services
Standardized Developmental Testing
- Comprehensive developmental testing
–> Examples
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-II (PDMS-II)
Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)
Observational scale used for assessing gross motor skills in infants from 0-18 months of corrected age
Assesses sequential development in supine, prone, sitting, and standing
Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)
- Purpose
Identify infants whose motor performance is delayed or aberrant relative to a normative group
Provide information to the clinician and parent about the motor activities the infant has mastered, those currently developing, and those not in the infants repertoire
Cutoff for Developmental delay
- 4 months
10th centile
Cutoff for Developmental delay
- 8 months
5th centile
