Development of Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Neurologic Factors

A

Modulation of central pattern generators located in the SC or brainstem
Contributions from descending neural input and ascending neural input and ascending peripheral input
Con’t adaptation of motor output based on stability requirements and demands of the specific task and env’t

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2
Q

Biomechanics Factors

A

ROM
Muscle strength
Bone structure and composition
Body componsition

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3
Q

0-9 months

A

Development of head and trunk ext against gravity
Increase in LL and muscle mass

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4
Q

0-9 months position of lower extremity

A

Hip ER > IR
Femoral anteversion 40-50º
Knees in genu varum
Everted ankle
Supported walking

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5
Q

0-9 months
- Supported walking with…

A

Wide ABD, ER, and flexion at hips
Bowed legs and everted heel

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6
Q

What time frame does the onset of walking occur?

A

9-15 months

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7
Q

9-15 Months

A

Wide BOS
Mediolateral stability better than antero-posterior stability in walking
Anticipatory postural adjustments for gait initiation present
Compensatory postural adjustments still immature

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8
Q

9-15 months
- Wide BOS

A

Hip abd, flexion and ER
Internal torsion at tibia with bow-legs
Full foot initial contact
Heel remains eeverted

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9
Q

During 9-15 months what develops?

A

Sufficient extensor strength is the critical variable for onset of walking

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10
Q

9-15 months
- COM

A

Lower thoracic level

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11
Q

18-24 months

A

Straighter lower limbs
Reduced BOS during walking
No more excessive hip ABD
No more genu varum
Consistent heel strike by 24 months

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12
Q

18-24 months con’t

A

Everted heel
Improvement in dynamic balance and extensor strength
Distinct gait events start emerging
Increase in LL, bringing COM closer to lower limbs

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13
Q

18-24 months
- Distinct gait events

A

Knee flexion at initial stance in response to heel strike
Knee extension in MS
Increase in stance phase
Improved cadence

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14
Q

18-24 months
- average amount of steps

A

9000 steps/equivalent to 29 football fields in a given day

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15
Q

3-7 years

A

Joint angles mature into adult pattern
Joint torques remain immature
Knees in valgus
Reduction in femoral anteversion
Reduction in heel eversion
Mature EMG pattern
Walking velocity normalized for height is consistent with adults

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16
Q

3-7 years
- COM

A

Located at 3rd lumbar vertebra