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Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 > Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C7/Vertebra Prominens > Flashcards

Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C7/Vertebra Prominens Flashcards

1
Q

What names may be given to C7?

A

vertebra prominens or vertebral prominence

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2
Q

What name is given only to C7?

A

Vertebra Prominens

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3
Q

In what percent of men and of women does C7 become the vertebral prominence?

A

men: eighty-sex percent and women: seventy-nine percent

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4
Q

What is the segment and gender bias for vertebrae other than C7 becoming the vertebral prominence?

A

C6 is more common in females and T1 is more common in males

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5
Q

What joint surfaces are present at the inferior margin of the vertebral body of C7?

A

the anterior and posterior margins of the inferior epiphyseal rim, cancellous bone

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6
Q

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C7?

A

eight

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7
Q

What joint classifications are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint

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8
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A

Two

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9
Q

What muscle(s) attaches to the vertebral body of C7?

A

longus colli muscle

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10
Q

What features are typically present in the transverse foramen of C7?

A

Vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor fibers

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11
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C7?

A

middle scalene, iliocostalis thoracis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, rotators, intertransversarii and levator costarum brevis

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12
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C7?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

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13
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C7?

A

forward, medial, downward (ForMeD)

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14
Q

What muscles will attach to the articular process of C7?

A

longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis cervicis and multifidis

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15
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of C7?

A

trapezius, rhomboid minor, serratus posterior superior, spenius capitis, spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis

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16
Q

What is the gender bias regarding size of the vertebral artery?

A

men have larger vertebral arteries than women

17
Q

What was the name of the physical exam used to determine vertebral artery patency?

A

the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency test

18
Q

Which side artery was tested during the course of the vertbrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?

A

the ipsilateral artery on the side of rotation

19
Q

What are the symptoms of failure of the vertebral artery to compensate during the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?

A

dizziness, vertigo, nausea are common complaints

20
Q

The vertebral artery is typically a branch of which artery?

A

subclavian artery

21
Q

Typically, at what vertebral level will the vertebral artery first become located in the transverse foramen?

A

C6

22
Q

At what location will the vertebral artery form its first compensatory loop?

A

the atlanto-axial interspace

23
Q

At what location will the vertebral artery form its second compensatory loop?

A

the atlanto-occipital interspace

24
Q

At what segments will the vertebral artery be firmly attached to the transverse foramen?

A

both C1 and C2

25
Q

What is the purpose of the vertebral artery loops between C2,C1, and occiput?

A

the increased length will accommodate the greater rotation at these locations

26
Q

What happens to the vertebral artery as it enters the vertebral foramen of C1?

A

the adventitia of the artery blends with the dura mater and arachnoid mater; as a result the artery lies in the subarachnoid space

27
Q

What happens to the vertebral artery after it enters the subarachnoid space at C1?

A

the vertebral artery ascends along the medulla oblongata to the pontine-medullary junction where the right and left arteries unite to form the basilar artery

28
Q

What artery is formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries?

A

the basilar artery

29
Q

What forms the boundaries for the exit of C1` nerve from the spinal canal?

A

occipital condyle, superior articular process of C1, capsular ligament, arcuate rim, groove for the vertebral artery, posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

30
Q

What forms the boundaries for the exit of the C2 nerve from the spinal canal?

A

inferior articular process of C1, superior articular process of C2, capular ligament, inferior vertebral notch of C1, superior vertebral notch of C2, posterior arch of ?C1, lamina of C2, posterior atlanto-axial ligament

31
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the C3-C7 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

A

the vertebral bodies, intervertebral disc, posterior longitudinal ligament, uncinated process, lateral groove.

32
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the C8 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

A

the vertebral bodies of C7 and T1, intervertebral disc, posterior longitudinal ligament, capsular ligament of the costocentral joint, superior costal facet of T1 and articular surface of the first rib

33
Q

What are the superior articular facet orientations for the cervical vertebrae?

A

C1 is backward, upward, medial (BMD), C2 is backward, upward, lateral (BUL), C3-C7 is backward, upward, medial (BUM)

34
Q

What are the inferior articular facet orientations for the cervical vertebrae?

A

C1 is backward, downward, medial (BMD), C2-C6 is forward, downward, lateral (FoLD), C7 is forward, downward, and medial (ForMeD)

35
Q

How many synovial joints are identified for each cervical vertebra?

A

C1= five, C2=eight, C3-C6=eight, C7=six

36
Q

How many joints are identified at the vertebral body of each cervical vertebra?

A

C1=none, C2=ten, C3-C6=ten, C7=eight

Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 (9 decks)

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