Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 > Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C1/Atlas > Flashcards

Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C1/Atlas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?

A

atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what features are lacking at C1?

A

vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1?

A

the anterior tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

A

Longus colli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

A

the anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occipital and anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

The fovea dentis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

they are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

Backward, medial, downward (BMD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

A

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A

levator scapula, splenius cervicis and rectus capitis anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What part of C1 represents the spinous process?

A

posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A

males: about 50 mm
Females: about 37 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What superior surface modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present?

A

groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the attachment sites of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament?

A

it is attached to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas, to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas and to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum of the occipital bone

19
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

about age 7 years old

20
Q

Based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament what structures will form?

A

an incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

21
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus?

A

Kimmerle’s anomaly

22
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?

A

arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

23
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations?

A

all ethnic populations studied thus far

24
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied?

A

1%-4%

25
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?

A

female

26
Q

what is the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus versus an incomplete ponticulus posticus?

A

the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus is about fifteen percent; the incidence of an incomplete ponticulus posticus may be as high as forty-one percent

27
Q

What is observed on the undersurface of the posterior arch of C1?

A

“inferior vertebral notch” and an attachment site for the posterior atlanto-axial ligament

28
Q

What is the location of the “zygapophysis” relative to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial intervertebral foramina?

A

it forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

29
Q

What is the general appearance of the transverse process of C1?

A

triangular

30
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

A

costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

31
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1

A

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

32
Q

what suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

33
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

myodural bridges

34
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

the lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

35
Q

What forms of the lateral bridges are observed in the population?

A

incomplete lateral bridges and complete lateral bridges

36
Q

what opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

the retrotransverse foramen

37
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A

The vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

38
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers

39
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A

males: 78 mm

females 72 mm

40
Q

Is there a gender variation for the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin?

A

not a significant difference

41
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

a little over 30 mm for both males and females

42
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

five

43
Q

what synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets and the fovea dentis

Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions