Attitudes (Part 2 of 2)

Question 1

What is the two-factor theory (developed by Herzberg)? discuss the dimensions

Answer 1

• States that there are two dimensions – job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction – and each ranges from none to high.
• It is not one dimension.
• Includes hygiene factors and mitovators

Question 2

What are hygiene factors?

Answer 2

The factors that influence job dissatisfaction are called hygiene factors and include:

• Company policy and administration.
• Supervision
• Relationship with supervisor
• Work conditions
• Salary
• Relationship with peers
• Personal life
• Relationship with subordinates
• Status
• Job security

Making any of these factors better for employees will decrease their job dissatisfaction

Making any of these factors better for employees will not increase/affect their job satisfaction

Making any of these factors worse for employees will not decrease/affect their job satisfaction.

Question 3

What are motivators?

Answer 3

The factors that influence job satisfaction are called motivators and include:

• Achievement
• Recognition
• Work itself
• Responsibility
• Advancement
• Growth

Making any of these factors better for employees will increase their job satisfaction

Making any of these factors better for employees will not decrease/affect their job dissatisfaction

Making any of these factors worse for employees will not increase/affect their job dissatisfaction.

Question 4

Which factor of the two-factor theory influences job dissatisfaction?

Answer 4

Hygiene factors

Question 5

Which factor of the two-factor theory influences job satisfaction?

Answer 5

Motivators

Question 6

What does Herzberg state about the 2-factor theory?

Answer 6

According to Herzberg, the key is to address hygiene factors and motivators; decrease job dissatisfaction and increase job satisfaction.

If you only address hygiene factors, workers will not be satisfied with their job, they will just be not dissatisfied with their job.

In other words, they will not love their job, they will just not hate it.

Herzberg called increasing motivators (to increase job satisfaction) job enrichment.

Question 7

What did Herzberg call increasing motivators (job satisfaction)?

Answer 7

Job enrichment

Question 8

What does the Value theory, developed by Locke, state?

Answer 8

Locke states in his value theory that job satisfaction is a function of people having what they what. Each person’s wants can be different. Find out what people want and ensure they have it.

(McFarlin and Rice (1992) conducted a study on value theory.)

Question 9

What does the Honeymoon Hangover effect state (by Boswell)?

Answer 9

A person starts a new job at a new organization and everything is enjoyable (e.g. work is interesting) and job satisfaction increases (honeymoon). Over time, things become unenjoyable (e.g. work becomes boring) and job satisfaction decreases (hangover). So the person quits and starts a new job at a new organization and everything is enjoyable and job satisfaction increases (honeymoon). Over time, everything becomes unenjoyable and job satisfaction decreases (hangover). So the person quits and starts a new job at a new organization and everything is… The cycle keeps repeating itself.

Question 10

What does the dispositional theory state (by Staw and Ross)?

Answer 10

Job satisfaction is a function of a person’s makeup (e.g. personality, genetics) rather than the situation (e.g. work conditions, salary).

Each person is predisposed to a different level/amount of job satisfaction that applies more or less to all jobs the person does.

Certain personality traits (e.g. neuroticism) are linked to job satisfaction and personality is fixed (i.e. the same across situations/jobs) (Judge et al., 2002).

• twins w same job satisfaction

Question 11

What are the responses to job dissatisfaction (scale by Farrell)?

Answer 11

ELVN MODEL:
E: exit
L: loyalty
V: voice
N: neglect

goes from destructive to constructive
and
goes from passive to active

Question 12

What are the three measures of job satisfaction? And what are two main types of job satisfaction measures?

Answer 12

1. Faces Scale (one of the first measures)
2. Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire (widely used)
3. Job Descriptive Index (widely used)

Types of job satisfaction measures:

1. General Measure (Measure satisfaction overall)
2. Facet Measure ( Measure satisfaction with facets)

Faces scale is a general measure.

Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire is both a general and facet measure.

Job Descriptive is is both a general and facet measure.