Attitudes Flashcards
What are the key aspects of Attitude
Permanence
Evaluation of socially significant objects
organised hypothetical construct
What is the definition of attitude?
A mental and neural state of readiness organised through experiences
What are the two different types of attitudes?
Explicit and Implicit Attitudes
Define explicit attitude?
Attitudes that we are consciously aware of. E.g Positive attitude towards vaccines and negative attitudes against snake, rude people
What is implicit attitude?
Attitudes that we are not consciously aware of (unaware of attitude). E.g someone saying the accept all races, yet when seated next to one, has fear ect
What is the purpose of the Tripartite model of attitude?
- It helps us understand the connections that we make to form our attitudes
- Explains how our affects, behaviors, and cognition contribute to our attitudes
What are the three components of the Tripartite Model of Attitude?
- Affective - How an object, event, issue, or person makes you feel
- Behavioural - How you attitude influences your behaviour
- Cognitive - Your thoughts and beliefs about a subject
How do attitudes vary?
They Vary in
1. Valence: Positive (Intrinsic/goodness) or Negative (averseness/bad)
- Ambivalent - climate change still own normal car but care about climate change
2. Complexity: Simple or Complex
3. Strength: Weak or Strong
How do we measure attitudes?
- Explicit Attitudes - Self Reporting such as scale reporting (strongly agree/strongly disagree to a set of attitude items and researcher sums the score)
- Implicit Attitudes - Implicit Attitude Test (IAT) (measures the strength of association between concept and evaluation, asked to sort words, response timed, and associations that rapid reflect the person’s attitude e.g quick to answer Q on white person -> positive attitude as appose to a black person slower)
What are the 3 behavioral explanations for attitudes?
- Mere exposure effect
- Classical conditioning
- Instrumental/Operant conditioning
Explain Mere exposure effect?
When a preference for things is developed because of familiarity
What are the 2 cognitive explanations for attitide?
- Self-Perception Theory
- Cognitive Algebra
What is Self-perception theory?
A conclusion people create about their own attitudes based on their behavior. (Behaviour shapes attitudes)
What is cognitive algebra?
The approach to study impression formation focusing on how people combine attributes that have valence into an overall positive or negative impression
What are the three models of cognitive algebra?
- Summation - forming impression by summing valence
- Averaging - forming impression by cumulative average
- Weighted average - weighting in first then forming an impression
What are the social explanations for attitude?
- Social Learning/Modelling - e.g parents/teachers/peers
- Social Identity and Groups
What is the definition of ideologies?
An integrated and coherent set of attitudes. (a worldviev)
Also known as a shared cognitive framework for interpreting the environment or society `
Ideologies are….
- A set of goals for society
- Ways to attain these goals
What are the ideologies of Conservatives?
- Intolerance of ambiguity
- Need for order and structure
- Cognitive rigidity
What are the ideologies of Progressives?
- Tolerant of ambiguity
- Open to experience
- Cognitive complexity
What are the aspects of values?
- They are global and abstract principles
- judgments as to what is proper, ideal, and desirable
What is values?
Standards that guide our conduct in a variety of ways
AND
Employed to evaluate and judge other and ourselves
Do attitudes predict behaviour?
It should but often does not
What is the LaPiere 1934 study?
The researcher took chiense couple to hotel anf they were only refused entre to one hotel and 6 month later sent a letter to hotels asking if they will have a Chinese couple and 92% said no but still housed the couple.
