Attention Process, Habituation and Adaptationn

Question 1

TRUE OR FALSE

Our attention is capable of processing only so many things at once. There are attentional filters that filter out irrelevant stimuli to enable us to process in depth what is important to us.

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Involve no conscious controll and are performed without conscious awareness.

Demand little or no effort or even intention.

Answer 2

Automatic Process

Question 3

What are the three attributes that characterizes automatic processes?

Answer 3

1. They are concealed from consciousness
2. They are unintentional
3. They consume few attentional resources

Question 4

Accessible to conscious control and even require it.

occur sequentially and one step at a time.

Answer 4

Controlled Processes

Question 5

Is also known as proceduralization.

The process by which a task, initially requiring conscious effort, becomes automatic with repeated practice.

Answer 5

Automatization

Question 6

states that novel tasks that have not been automatized require more cognitive resources and intelligence than tasks that have become automatic through practice.

Answer 6

Sternberg’s Theory of Triarchic Intelligence

Question 7

How does automatization occur?

Answer 7

individual combined effortful steps are gradually integrated into components and further integrated into a
single, efficient operation

Question 8

suggests that automatization occurs through the gradual accumulation of knowledge about specific responses to specific stimuli.

Answer 8

Logan Instance Theory

Question 9

Refers to the improvement in performance or skill that occurs with repeated practice or experience

Answer 9

Practice Effect

Question 10

The rate of learning slows down as the number of learning increases, until learning peaks at a stable level. Early practice effects are greater than later practice effects

Answer 10

Negative Acceleration Pattern

Question 11

What are the mistakes in attention processes? Explain each

Answer 11

Mistakes
-errors in choosing an objective or in specifying a means of achieveing it.

Slips
-errors in carrying out an intended means for reaching an objective.

Question 12

What are the slips associated with automatic processes?

COPDDLA

Answer 12

Capture Errors
Omissions
Perseverations
Description Errors
Data-driven Errors
Loss-of-activation errors
Associative-activation errors

Question 13

Occur when we intend to deviate from a familiar routine but fail to pay attention and end up following the routine instead.

Answer 13

Capture Errors

Question 14

An interruption of a routine activity where one or more steps in the remaining portion of the routine are skipped.

Answer 14

Omissions

Question 14

After completing an automatic procedure, ___________-can occur, where one or more steps of the procedure are repeated.

Answer 14

Perseverations

Question 15

An internal description of the intended behavior leads to performing the correct
action on the wrong object.

Answer 15

Description Errors

Question 16

incoming sensory information overrides the intended variables in an automatic action sequence.

Answer 16

Data-driven Errors

Question 17

The activation of a routine may be insufficient to carry it through to completion.

Answer 17

Loss-of-activation Errors

Question 18

Strong association may trigger the wrong automatic routine

Answer 18

Associative-activation Errors

Question 19

“to get used to it”

involves our becoming accustomed to a stimulus so that we gradually pay less attention to it.

Answer 19

Habituation

Question 20

counterpart of habituation, which a change in a familiar stimulus prompts us to start noticing the stimulus again.

Answer 20

Dishabituation

Question 21

What are the factors that influence habituation?

Answer 21

1. Internal variation within a stimulus
2. Subjective Arousal
3. Impaired Habituation

Question 22

Matters in the amount of change within the stimulus over time

Answer 22

Internal variation within a stimulus

Question 23

a degree of physiological excitation, responsiveness, and readiness for action, relative to a baseline.

Answer 23

Subjective Arousal

Question 24

Without habituation, our attentional system would be much more likely to mess up, which makes a person difficult or fail to habituate.

Answer 24

Impaired Habituation

Question 25

Is a lessening of attention to a stimulus that is no subject to a conscious control Occurs directly in the sense organ, not in the brain. We can exert some conscious control over whether we notice something to which we have become habituated, but we have no conscious control over sensory adaptation.

Answer 25

Adaptation