3(2) Perception

Question 1

Occurs when sensory information is directed by a sensory receptors

Simple experience that arises from the stimulation of the sense organ.

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

● The process by which the brain selects, organizes, and interprets these sensations.
● The interpretation of a
stimulus-as differentiated form the simple experience of a stimulation

Answer 2

Perception

Question 3

The process by which we receive information from the environment.

Answer 3

Sensation

Question 4

A detectable input from the
environment (external stimulus) or from within (internal stimulus)

Answer 4

Stimulus

Question 5

Collects information from
the environment

Answer 5

Receptor

Question 6

Enumerate the 8 Senses VAEOGTKO

Answer 6

Visual
Auditory
Equilibratory
Olfactory
Gustatory
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Organic

Question 7

Enumerate the table (sense, stimulus, receptors, and function)

Answer 7

(isulat)

Question 8

What are the three receptors?

Answer 8

1. Exteroceptors
2. Interoceptors
3. Proprioceptors

Question 9

found in different senses organs such as eyes (rods and cones), ears (hair cells), tongue (taste buds), etc

Answer 9

Exteroceptors

Question 10

found in the lining of the internal organs like the respiratory, and digestive genito-urinary

Answer 10

Interoceptors

Question 11

found in the lining of muscles, tendons, and joints

Answer 11

Proprioceptors

Question 12

How does the sensation occurs?

Answer 12

• sensory organ absorb energy from the physical stimuli in an environment
• sensory receptors convert this energy into neural impulses and send them to the brain.

Question 13

these are nerve endings located in the sensory organs

Answer 13

Sensory Receptors

Question 14

What are the characteristics of Sensory Receptors

Answer 14

1. They are specific
2. They Adapt
3. Excitability
4. They respond to coding

Question 15

follows: the brain organizes the information and translates it into something meaningful.

Answer 15

Perception

Question 16

The process by which the brain constructs an internal representations of the outside world.

Answer 16

Perception

Question 17

Characteristics of Perception

Answer 17

1. Limited to sensory discriminations
2. Perception is selective and subjective
3. Perception is constant
4. Perception has organizing tendencies.

Question 18

What are the sensory processes:

Answer 18

1. Reception
2. Transduction
3. Encoding and Transmission of Sensory Information
4. Perception

Question 19

which is the activation of sensory receptors by stimuli such as mechanical stimuli (being bent or squished, for example), chemicals, or temperature.

Answer 19

Reception

Question 20

sensory system is the translation of a sensory signal to an electrical signal in the nervous system.

Answer 20

Transduction

Question 21

Four aspects of sensory information are encoded by sensory systems: the type of stimulus, the location of the stimulus in the receptive field, the duration of the stimulus, and the relative intensity of the stimulus.

Answer 21

Encoding and Transmission of Sensory Information

Question 22

Individual’s interpretation of a sensation

Answer 22

Perception

Question 23

List or enumerate the Theoretical Approaches to Perception

Answer 23

1. Top-down Theories
2. Bottom-up Theories
3. Direct Theories

Question 24

What are the additional info theories about Bottom-Up Theries

Answer 24

1. Template Theories
2. Prototype Theories
3. Feature Theories
4. Structural-Description Theory

Question 25

Who proposed Top-down theory?

Answer 25

Richard Gregory

Question 26

- involves making inferences based on context, guessing from experience, and basing one perception on another. - perceptions begin with the most general and move toward the more specific. These perceptions are heavily influenced by our expectations and prior knowledge.

Answer 26

Top-down Theories

Question 27

Who introduced Bottom-up Theories?

Answer 27

Eleanor Jack Gibson

Question 28

-starts with an incoming stimulus and works upwards until a representation of the object is formed in our minds. -suggests that our perceptual experience is based entirely on the sensory stimuli that we piece together using only data that is available from our senses.

Answer 28

Bottom-up Theories

Question 29

Who proposed Direct Perception?

Answer 29

James Jerome Gibson

Question 30

- Also referred to as “Ecological Theory” believes that the array of information in our sensory receptors, including the sensory context, is all we need to perceive anything. -we do not need higher cognitive processes or anything else to mediate between our sensory experience and our perception. existing beliefs or higher-level inferential thought processes are not necessary for perception.

Answer 30

Direct Perception

Question 31

suggest that we have stored in our minds myriad sets of templates. Templates are highly detailed models for patterns we potentially might recognize. We recognize a pattern by comparing it with our set of templates. We then choose the exact template that perfectly matches what we observe

Answer 31

Template Theories

Question 32

symbolise outlines or ideas of what an object should look like, however unlike templates which require an exact match, _______ rely on best-guesses when various features are in place.

Answer 32

Prototype Theories

Question 33

we attempt to match ________ of a pattern to __________ stored in memory, rather than to match a whole pattern to a template or a prototype

Answer 33

Feature Theories

Question 34

objects are represented by parts and their spatial relationships, which together form a _________ _______ of an object.

Answer 34

Structural-description Theory

Question 35

which is which, top-down or bottom-up? 1. Schema Driven

Answer 35

Top-down

Question 36

which is which, top-down or bottom-up? data-driven

Answer 36

Bottom-up

Question 37

which is which, top-down or bottom-up? Interprets information based on prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations

Answer 37

top-down

Question 38

which is which, top-down or bottom-up? Interprets information starting from the sensory information

Answer 38

Bottom-up

Question 39

which is which, top-down or bottom-up? Perceive the whole and then the individual parts

Answer 39

Top-down

Question 40

which is which, top-down or bottom-up? Perceive the individual parts and organize them into whole

Answer 40

bottom-up