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nsci 201 > attention > Flashcards

attention Flashcards

1
Q

what is attention

A

cognitive function that focuses on some external or internal stimuli, at the expense of fully processing other information

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2
Q

how does attention act as a filter

A

some neural resources are allocated to analysis of particular information, attenuation of inputs from concurrent channels

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3
Q

what is the cocktail party effect

A

attention is directed to gossip hear behind you and lose some details from your own conversation, except the salient information

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4
Q

when present different dialogues in each ear, which dialogue is accurately reported

A

dialogue subject is asked to attend to is accurately reported, and only some information (salient info, not details) of other dialogue can be reported

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5
Q

what information is (a) conscious, (b) preconscious, (c) subliminal

A

(a) strong enough and payed enough attention to
(b) strong enough, but didn’t pay enough attention to
(c) not strong enough

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6
Q

what information reaches threshold to enter into consciousness

A

only attended information

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7
Q

what influences the perceptual load (2)

A
  1. stimulus complexity
  2. presentation brevity
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8
Q

endogenous vs exogenous attention

A

endogenous -> voluntary tasks; consciously direct attention to particular aspect of environment
exogenous -> triggered by random environmental stimuli that attract attention automatically

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9
Q

other names for endogenous and exogenous attention

A

endogenous attention -> top-down attention
exogenous attention -> bottom-up attention

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10
Q

reaction time of endogenous attention

A

300 ms to a few seconds

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11
Q

ex of spatial endogenous attention and non-spatial endogenous attention

A

spatial -> right/left/up/down
non-spatial -> type of info (words/color -> stroop effect)

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12
Q

reaction time of exogenous attention

A

primed (expected) -> 75 ms
unexpected -> 400 ms (inhibition of return)

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13
Q

what is inhibition of return

A

impedes response because taking too long, so ‘ignores it’

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14
Q

overt vs covert attention

A

overt -> orientating head and eyes to stimulus
covert -> no head/eye movements, try to extract information

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15
Q

what does overt attention do to improve perception

A

aligns visual and auditory information

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16
Q

how did eye tracking technology work

A

small mirrors glued to eyes, mirrors redirected light to phototracing paper

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17
Q

what is supramodal attention

A

stimuli in one modality stimulates another modality (improves processing)

18
Q

types of attention (5)

A
  1. endogenous attention
  2. exogenous attention
  3. overt attention
  4. covert attention
  5. supramodal attention
19
Q

brain areas that control attention (4)

A
  1. IPS
  2. FEF
  3. pulvinar nucleus of thalamus
  4. SC
20
Q

lesion in right parietal lobe

A

hemispatial neglect

21
Q

dominant hemisphere for attention and why

A

right; RH control both VFs, LH controls RVF

22
Q

which VF lost in hemispatial neglect

A

left

23
Q

what can hemispatial neglect patients see in their LVF

A

particularly salient stimuli

24
Q

lesions to frontal eye fields disrupt ability to (3)

A
  1. initiate eye movements to targets in contralateral VF
  2. direct attention to contralateral VF
  3. task switching/ignoring irrelevant information (can’t do stroop test)
25
Q

normal fef function

A

generate saccadic eye movements to locations in visual space that warrant attention

26
Q

effect of stimulation of FEF (2)

A
  1. increases neuronal activity at the visual cortex
  2. improves performance in attentional tasks
27
Q

how does attention influence perception

A

increase of processing in perceptual areas

28
Q

what is the sprague effect

A

lesion to left superior colliculus can compensate for hemispatial neglect caused by lesion of right parietal cortex

29
Q

role of pulvinar nucleus in thalamus

A

connects superior colliculus to parietal cortex

30
Q

brain areas activated during (a) endogenous attention, (b) exogenous attention

A

(a) IPS/SPL and FEF
(b) TPJ and VFC

31
Q

tasks involving attention activate which brain regions (2)

A

dorsal parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices

32
Q

default mode network involves which brain areas (3)

A
  1. PCC
  2. mPFC
  3. TPJ
33
Q

central executive network involves which brain areas (3)

A
  1. frontoparietal attention regions
  2. IPS
  3. vlPFC
34
Q

effect on extrastriate cortex when direct attention to particular visual-field location

A

increased activity

35
Q

what is balint syndrome

A

patient can’t attend 2 stimuli at the same time regardless of location

36
Q

balint syndromes (3)

A
  1. simultagnosia
  2. optic ataxia
  3. oculomotor apraxia
37
Q

lesion causing balint syndrome

A

damage to dorsal posterior parietal and lateral occipital cortex

38
Q

what decides salience (5)

A
  1. novelty of stimulus
  2. physical properties of stimulus (how intense)
  3. motivation
  4. emotion
  5. goal-directed
39
Q

how is saliency determined in the brain

A
  1. incoming signals activate different locations and are given processing priority
  2. highest level of activity in combination determines what we attend to
40
Q

what can our perception of what is happening be distorted by (4)

A
  1. bias
  2. habits
  3. fears
  4. desires
41
Q

how does mindfulness influence attention

A

refines our attention so that we can connect more fully and directly with whatever life brings

42
Q

how do magicians misdirect audience’s attention

A

control object’s salience by manipulating audience’s bottom-up and/or top-down attentional control mechanisms

nsci 201 (6 decks)

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