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Brain and Cognition > Attention > Flashcards

Attention Flashcards

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1
Q

seperate attention networks for..

A

voluntary and involuntary attention

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2
Q

voluntary

A
  • top-down
  • endogenous
  • dorsal frontoparietal network
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3
Q

welke gebieden bevat het voluntary network

A

superior parietal lobe (SPL), frontal eye fields (FEFs) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG)

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4
Q

involuntary

A

-bottom up
- exogenous
- right lateralized ventral frontoparietal network
- detection of behaviourally relevant, unexpected or highly salient stimuli

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5
Q

welke gebieden bevat involuntary

A

temporoparietal junction TPJ
inferior frontal gyrus IFG
middle frontal gyrus MFG

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6
Q

default mode network is..

A

internal attention, this region is active when a person is not focussed on the outside world.

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7
Q

welke gebieden bevat default mode

A

posterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus

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8
Q

oog movement is

A

overt

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9
Q

zonder oog is

A

covert

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10
Q

default mode is anti-correlated with ….

A

top down

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11
Q

disengage attention

A

problems when the cortical temporoparietal junction is damaged -> involuntary attention!

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12
Q

move attention

A

problems when the superior colliculi are damaged

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13
Q

engage attention

A

problems when the pulvinar of thalamus is damaged

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14
Q

contralateral neglect

A

attentional problems in the other field in vision. ignore stimuli, ,slow response, ignore objects on contralateral side, muscle on controlateral side is worse sometimes. deficits in spatial attention in contralateral visual field. dit is bottom up attention. meestal na damage to the right lateralized bottom up network.

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15
Q

you can make neglect patients see

A

if they use top-down attention, als je het aanwijst, they can see things. but spontaneously (bottom up) they do not see anything. this is the difference with blind subjects. dus neglect is niet sensory deficits, het is echt een attention problem!!!

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16
Q

dus kort wat gebeurt er bij neglect

A

damage to bottom up netwerk dus disengaging attention becomes impossible. dit kan je meten met posner cueing task.

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17
Q

neglect is often

A

temporary, but extinction remains. (niet nieuwe neurons ofzo, maar oefenen) dus bijvoorbeeld 2 vingers zien ze L niet, maar spoon and fork -> dan zien ze de vork wel

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18
Q

balints syndrome

A

simultanagnosia: problem with attending to more than one object.
optic ataxia: problems with reaching and grasping (oog hand coordinatie)
oculomotor apraxia: problems making voluntary eye movements to objects

–> when the entire top-down attention network in the parietal lobe is damaged.

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19
Q

biased competition

A

competition in receptive fields. if both stimuli fall with the RF of the neuron -> competition.
with both stimuli, activity is the average response to effective and ineffective stimuli (medium activation). het gaat hier dus om 1 neuron

20
Q

shift from frontal to parietal from

A

controlling attention to responsing to target

21
Q

top panel

A

use cue to shift attention

22
Q

voluntary / intentional shifts of attention activate the …

A

SPL and FEF (oa prefrontal cortex)

23
Q

top-down activity shifts from … to …

A

front (cue) to back (target)

24
Q

activity shifts from the front to the back in …. attention

A

top-down!! dit weten

25
Q

pop-out search uitleg + welke vorm van attention

A

The target has a unique color, shape, or orientation with respect to the distracters

bottom up, stimulus driven (search is easy and automatic, parallel)

26
Q

conjunction search uitleg + welke vorm van attention

A

the target differs from the distractors on multiple features that need to be combined to find the target

top down, voluntary (you have to combined 2 features, which needs voluntary attention because it is more difficult)

27
Q

involuntary attention welke regions eerst

A

parietal regions (LIP) activate first, followed by frontal regions LPFC)

28
Q

voluntary attention welke regions eerst

A

frontal regions activate first (LPFC/FEF), followed by parietal regions (LIP)

29
Q

invalid cues during the exogenous variant posner task activates…

A

activity in the right temporoparietal junction

30
Q

wanneer hebben pop out and conjunction dezelfde reactietijd

A

als er maar 2 items zijn

31
Q

pop-out search reaction time

A

altijd dezelfde reaction time, maakt niet uit hoeveel number of items in display. -> automatic, parallel

32
Q

conjunction search reaction time

A

increasing slope: the more items on display, the longer the reaction time is. als de target er niet is duurt het nog langer. -> voluntary, serial

33
Q

treisman

A

feature integration theory

34
Q

feature integration theory

A

features are processed in different brain regions (in parallel). therefore differences in one feature are detected automatically. when features need to be combined to find the target: the brain areas need to communicate with each other. in need of voluntary attention! -> serial bottle neck -> when objects differ from more than one feature, visual search takes a long time.

35
Q

corbetta and shulman theory

A
  • Top-down, voluntary system (SPL,
    FEF): Preparing and applying goaldirected
    selection
  • Bottom-up, involuntary system (right
    TPJ and IFG): Detection of behaviorally
    relevant, unexpected, or highly salient
    stimuli
    The bottom-up system is a circuit
    breaker: “Stop what you’re doing now,
    direct attention to the environment
    NOW!”
36
Q

there is a causal effect of control areas on sensory areas

A

dus van front to back of the brain

37
Q

FEF

A

frontal eye field: visual attention and eye movement

38
Q

there is a causal effect of control areas on covert attention

A

frontoparietal network modulates attention and therefore perceptual performance.

39
Q

top-down activity shifts from … to …

A

front (cue) to back (target)

40
Q

top-down activity shifts from … to …

A

front (cue) to back (target)

41
Q

dus samenvatting voluntary

A

Voluntary (top-down, endogenous) attention:
* Dorsal frontoparietal network
* Most important regions: superior parietal lobe (SPL), frontal eye
fields (FEFs), middle frontal gyrus (MFG)

42
Q

dus samenvatting involuntary

A

Involuntary (bottom-up, exogenous) attention:
* Right-lateralized ventral frontoparietal network
* Most important regions: temporoparietal junction (TPJ), inferior
frontal gyrus (IFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG)

43
Q

hoe gaat voluntary attention door het brein

A

Frontal first, then parietal, then sensory.

44
Q

hoe gaat involuntary attention door het brein

A

Sensory first, then parietal (right TPJ), then frontal. This system can shut down the voluntary attention system.

45
Q

dus 2 patronen door het brein

A

voluntary: front -> back
involuntary: sensory -> parietal -> frontal (back -> front)

Brain and Cognition (9 decks)

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