Attachment/Conditioning Flashcards
A preschooler misses his long-term nanny who has recently moved away. To help this child, the parents should: (2x)
SHOW THE CHILD PICTURES OF THE NANNY
Newly married college graduate now needing more parental support with decisions
PHASE OF LIFE PROBLEM
Adopted kid, shy and clings to mother, difficulty at school
REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER
Secure attachment in an infant is associated with which of the following outcomes?
EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE
2 y/o M has been preoccupied with a small blanket for several months, carries it w/ him everywhere and becomes upset if anyone tries to take it away. He refused to stay w/ a baby-sitter until it was retrieved. The psychiatrist should:
EXPLAIN THIS IS NORMAL AND CHILD WILL EVENTUALLY GIVE IT UP ON HIS OWN.
10 month old child distressed when parents leave him with the babysitter. The parents say goodbye and leave quickly without display of affection. What is most likely to observed later in life?
INCREASED CLINGING AND AVOIDANT BEHAVIOR TOWARDS BEHAVIOR
Adult’s patterns of interacting with others predicted by what according to object relations and attachment theory
CAPACITY TO PERCEIVE AND THINK ABOUT THE INTENTIONS OF OTHERS
Infants are more likely to have insecure attachment with poor child care if primary caretakers are also:
UNRESPONSIVE TO THEIR INFANT’S NEEDS
Hormone shown to be critical to the development of maternal-infant bonding in animals:
OXYTOCIN
In contrast to attachment, “bonding” is associated with
THE NATURE OF A PARENT’S RELATIONSHIP TO AN INFANT
Key characteristic of preschoolers who are securely attached
TRUST AND RECIPROCITY
What has been found regarding infants’ attachment to their parents?
STRENGTH OF INFANT’S ATTACHMENT IS A FUNCTION ONLY OF THE AMT OF INTERACTION WITH THE PRIMARY PARENT
5 y/o child with behavioral problems in school, in and out of foster care for the first 2 years of life. Friendly and affectionate with others even with strangers. Parents don’t feel “close” to the child and doesn’t seem to have enduring friendships. Diagnosis:
REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER
4 yo raised in Multple foster homes, minimally smiles , does not seek comfort
REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER
Toddler soothed at night by inner memory of secure relationship with mother. Called what (in attachment theory):
OBJECT CONSTANCY
10-month old infant becomes distressed when parents leave child w/ babysitter without affection. Which subsequent behavior pattern is likely?
CLINGY AND AVOIDANT TOWARD PARENTS
18 month old shows a marked awareness of vulnerability to separation and seems to be constantly concerned about the mother’s actual location is exhibiting Mahler’s stage of?
OBJECT CONSTANCY
5 y/o adopted at age 4 now hugging strangers, age appropriate vocabulary, doesn’t respond well to limits, easily frustrated.
REACTIVE ATTACHMENT D/O
3 y/o with diminished appetite, slow speech development, poor social interactions; parents are detached from him. After 2 weeks in hospital is improving and friendly with staff members. Dx?
REACTIVE ATTACHMENT D/O
20-month child repeatedly returns to her mom when playing w/ other 2-y/o children. This is:
RAPPROCHEMENT
The term rapprochement in Mahler’s developmental theory refers to the:
RECONCILIATION FOLLOWING A BRIEF ATTACHMENT RUPTURE BETWEEN TODDLERS AND PARENTS
Final phase of Mahler’s separation - ability to maintain positive emotional attachment in face of frustration
OBJECT CONSTANCY
Following a brief separation from the parents, a securely attached toddler is most likely to do which of the following:
SEEK CONTACT EAGERLY
According to operant conditioning, behavior decreases in frequency if (5x)
INCOMPATIBLE WITH A POSITIVELY REINFORCED BEHAVIOR
Pt with cocaine addiction experiences cravings for cocaine whenever passing by a “crack house”. This reaction exemplifies: (3x)
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
A form of learned fear in which a person or an experimental animal learns to respond strongly not only to a harmful stimulus, but also to a sub-threshold stimulus, refers to: (3x)
SENSITIZATION
Most important protective factor determining preschool child’s reaction to disaster (2x)
PARENTAL FUNCTIONING
Risk factor influencing psychological outcome of child following death of parent: (2x)
PRIOR CONFLICTUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILD AND DECEASED PARENT
Behavioral frequency altered by application of positive and negative consequences (2x)
OPERANT CONDITIONING
An operant conditioning reinforcement schedule that is used in casino slot machines and may play a role in the development of pathological gambling: (x2)
VARIABLE-RATIO
Pt works near a train and soon doesn’t notice the noise anymore. What’s this called?
HABITUATION
Effect of prompts for tobacco use on provider behaviors
BEHAVIORS INCREASE
In behavioral psychology, extinction is defined as :
WEAKENING OF CONDITIONED RESPONSE DUE TO WITHDRAWAL OF STIMULUS
A 10-yo child is afraid of dogs and has exposure therapy to the point where he can tolerate a small dog. A week later, he encounters a large dog. What is his response?
GIVEN THE NON-CLINICAL SETTING, THE REACTION IS IMPOSSIBLE TO PREDICT
Child is shown a rat and does not react. Then show child rat w a loud noise. After several pairing of rat and noise, the child then becomes fearful when just rat presented. In Pavlovian conditioning, what is the conditioned stimulus in this case?
THE RAT
In biofeedback, the autonomic nervous system can come under voluntary control through which of following mechanisms?
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus without being paired with its unconditioned stimulus will result in what?
PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT
Pt who was in frightening MVA, consults psychiatrist for fears of driving, made car travel impossible. Behavior intervention is planned: psychiatrist will ride in traffic with pt and remain with pt until physical signs of fear diminished. What learning tx?
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
In Operant Conditioning, a partial or intermittent reinforcement schedule results in:
MAINTAINING A BEHAVIOR THAT IS RESISTANT TO EXTINCTION.
What type of reinforcement is most effective for maintaining behavior that is resistant to extinction?
PARTIAL
If a response inhibitory to anxiety occurs in the presence of anxiety-evoking stimuli, it weakens the connection between the stimuli and the anxiety. This is called:
RECIPROCAL INHIBITION
A 79yr old man seeks therapy following stress due to uncontrolled online shopping, patient begins to understand how each purchase improved mood and improved loneliness, this best explains what learning theory?
OPERANT CONDITIONING
As result of a MVA a pt feeling panic before have to drive and has begun to avoid it. Example of mechanism of fear development:
DIRECT CONDITIONING
Pt undergoing chemotherapy. Commonly becomes nauseated and vomits in waiting room prior to the treatment. Reaction is ex of?
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Pt ate meat loaf then had a severe GI virus; develops a strong aversion to meat loaf.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
IV heroin user upon seeing the needle during a blood draw develops intense craving is an example of:
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Systematic desensitization is derived from
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY
Which of the following terms was developed by Rene Spitz to describe a common outcome following sudden or prolonged separation of otherwise normally attached infants?
ANACLITIC DEPRESSION
18 m/o is vulnerable to separation and constantly concerned about mother’s actual location. This is representative of Mahler’s stage of:
RAPPROCHEMENT
2 y/o does not want to let go of wool blanket and resists going anywhere without it. Attachment type is:
TRANSITIONAL OBJECT
What is true regarding infant attachments when comparing the strength of bond with each parent?
INFANTS CAN FORM MULTIPLE ATTACHMENTS, BUT THE STRENGTH OF THOSE ATTACHMENTS MAY DIFFER
Explanation for child’s anxiety from operant conditioning model? Child anxious about getting on bus and irrationally fears it will crash.
HOW DO YOUR PARENTS RESPOND WHEN YOU ARE AFRAID OF THE BUS?
Which of the following is most important protective factor in building resilience in children? Social skills, cognitive ability, quality of parenting, easy temperament, socioeconomic status
QUALITY OF PARENTING
Person afraid of loud noises has a panic attack in grocery store after shelving unit hits floor, person takes lorazepam after hearing a loud noise, person then avoids grocery store. according to classical conditioning, what is the conditioned stimulus?
GROCERY STORE
