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Psychology AS (2) > Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

What is attachment?

A
  • close 2 way bond between 2 individuals
  • reciprocal
  • seen as essential for development
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2
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of development?

A
  • proximity
  • separation distress
  • secures base behaviour
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3
Q

What is reciprocity and what age does it occur?

A
  • One after the other

- 3 months +

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4
Q

What is interactional reciprocity?

A

At the same time

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5
Q

What is proximity?

A

Close to or dependent on care giver

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6
Q

What is separation distress?

A

How distressed infant is when separated from care giver

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7
Q

What is secure base behaviour?

A

Infant explores independently but returns to care giver

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8
Q

What did brazelton 1975 find (attachment)?

A
  • mother infant interactions are like a dance
  • infants signals have regularity and rhythm
  • reciprocity provides template of communication
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9
Q

What did trevathen find (attachment)?

A

Reciprocity is important for development of social language skills

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10
Q

What did tonrick et al carry out and find (attachment)?

A
  • had mother’s stop dialogue with infants and have a still face while interacting
  • infants showed distress
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11
Q

What did Isabella et all observe and find (attachment)?

A
  • observed 30 infant mother pairs, assessing degree of synchrony
  • high levels of synchrony is associated with better quality of attachment
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12
Q

What did meltoff and Moore 1977 observe and find (attachment)?

A
  • observer interactional synchrony in infants (as young as 2 weeks old)
  • association between expressions or gestures adult displayed and actions or babies
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13
Q

What did Schaffer and Emerson find about the role of that father?

A

mother is the primary attachment, father is a secondary one

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14
Q

What was the aim, sample, method, procedure and findings of grossman 2004 study on the role of the father?

A
  • aim= find the role of the father in attachment
  • sample= 44 families
  • method= longitudinal
  • procedure= compare role of fathers and mothers contribution to child’s attachment at different ages (6,10 and 16)
  • findings= quality of fathers play was more important than quality of attachment (75% formed attachment to father within 18 months)
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15
Q

What were fields procedure and findings for role of the father study?

A
  • procedure= 4 month old infants filmed in face to face interaction with: primary mother, secondary father and primary father
  • findings= primary father spent more time smiling, imitating and holding infant (similar to primary mother)
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16
Q

What is stranger anxiety?

A

How distressed infant is in presence of a stranger

17
Q

What is response to reunion?

A

How infant behaves when primary care giver returns

18
Q

What was the aim of the strange situation study?

A

Find security of attachment between infant and care giver

19
Q

What sample was used during the strange situation study?

A

106 middle class American mother and infants (12-18 months)

20
Q

What was the procedure of the strange situation study and what did each step show?

A
  • infant plays with mother (exploration and secure base)
  • stranger enters and tries to interact (stranger anxiety)
  • mother leaves and stranger tries to comfort (separation and stranger anxiety)
  • mother enters and offers comfort, stranger leaves (response to reunion)
  • mother leaves, stranger enters and offers comfort (separation anxiety and stranger anxiety)
  • mother enters and offers comfort (response to reunion)
21
Q

What are the 3 types of attachment?

A
  • insecure resistant
  • insecure avoidant
  • secure
22
Q

What are some of the characteristics of an insecure resistant child?

A
  • seek greater proximity
  • explore less
  • seek and resist intimacy
  • intense stranger and separation anxiety
23
Q

What are some of the characteristics of an insecure avoidant child?

A
  • don’t use care giver as secure base
  • little response to reunion
  • independently explore
  • little separation and stranger anxiety
24
Q

What are some of the characteristics of a securely attached child?

A
  • happy to explore
  • use care giver as a secure base
  • mild stranger and separation anxiety
  • seek mother in reunion
25
Q

What % of infants are classed as secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant?

A
  • 60/75% secure
  • 20/25% insecure avoidant
  • 3/5% insecure resistant

Psychology AS (2) (13 decks)

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