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aqa psychology > attachment > Flashcards

attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

who investigated types of attachment? what was the study called?

A

Mary Ainsworth

the strange situation

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2
Q

how many ppts did the strange situation have? how old were they?

A

160 between 9 and 18 months old

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3
Q

outline the steps of the strange situation

A
  1. mother stranger infant explores
  2. conversation between mum and stranger
  3. infant stranger
  4. mother infant
  5. infant
  6. infant stranger
  7. mother infant
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4
Q

what were the 3 types of attachment found in the strange situation? and percentages

A

secure attachment 70%
insecure avoidant 15%
insecure resistant 15%

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5
Q

what were the features of securely attached children?

A

show distress when separated
moderate stranger anxiety
comforted when reunited

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6
Q

what were the features of insecure avoidant children?

A

not distressed at separation
no stranger anxiety
can be comforted by a stranger

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7
Q

what were the features of insecure resistant child?

A

show distress when separated
stranger anxiety
reject contact when reunited.

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8
Q

evaluation of the strange situation

A 
positive:
controlled variables
become accepted method to measure attachment
replicable and same findings
child friendly room
9-18 months old have developed sociability
negative: 
low ecological validity
demand characteristics from mothers 
might not be main attachment figure
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9
Q

who carried the meta analysis of cross cultural studies on the strange situation ? how many studies?

A

van ljzebdoorn 32 studies

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10
Q

results of van ljzebdoorn ank Kroonenberg study

A

most child securely attached
insecure: western countries mostly avoidant (tiger in Germany)
non-western mostly resistant (Japan)
most differences within

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11
Q

evaluationvan ljzebdoorn study

A

researcher bias

cultural bias brought up in different ways. Germany values independence

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12
Q

how could secure attachment influence later relationship

A

confident

trustworthy relationships

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13
Q

how could insecure avoidant attachment influence later in life

A

no trustworthy relationships

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14
Q

how could insecure resistant attachment influence later life?

A

insecure

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15
Q

define attachment

A

emotional reciprocal mutual bond between caregiver and infant

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16
Q

interactions between caregiver and infant

A
  • sensitive responsiveness - respond correctly to signals and needs
  • imitation
  • interactional synchrony
  • motherase
17
Q

who studied stages of attachment

A

Schaffer and emerson

18
Q

stages found by staffer and emerson

A

1 asocial phase 0 to 6 w - distinguish object and humans
2 indiscriminate attachment 6w 7m - enjoy protest in stop interacting
3 discriminate attachment 7m 9m - special distressed
4 multiple attachments

19
Q

study to support staffer and emerson

A

glasgow longitudinal study 60 infants between 0 - 18 month old observed every 4 weeks, stages found to occur, only 50% primary attachment was mother

20
Q

how did animal studies

A

Lorenz and halow

21
Q

Lorenz key

A

imprinting (attach to first moving object)

critical period 16 h

22
Q

Harlow key

A
  • comfortable and food mum
  • 3/6/12 months isolates
  • social emotional disturbance
  • violet with offspring
23
Q

2 explanations of attachment

A

learning theory

bowlby

24
Q

outline learning theory

A

dollar and miller
classical conditioning associate mum with pleasure given by food
operant conditioning negative reinforcement, mum stops hunger

25
Q

bowl by theory outline

A

biological - survival - natural selection

  • monotropy ,one special bond, survival
  • critical person 3yo
  • continuity hypothesis - internal working model, template for future relationships
  • maternal deprivation theory
26
Q

additional studies

A

bulldog bank

koluchova twins

27
Q

2 terms to describe disruption of attachment

A

separation - short time

deprivation - long time

28
Q

bowlby maternal deprivation hypothesis

A

during critical period emotional intellectual and social development damaged

29
Q

bowlby study of delinquents

A

adolescents most had experienced privation

bowl defines them as affection less psychopaths

30
Q

study of privation

A

robertson and Robertson little John 9 days in a day care

31
Q

evaluation boblby maternal deprivation theory

A

divorce individual differences koluchova bulldog bank

32
Q

who divided the term deprivation how

A

rutter
privation - never formed
deprivation - broken

33
Q

study privation

A

genie case study

never filly developed intellectually and socially

34
Q

rutter study

A 
romanian orphanages 
longitudinal
111
1990 communism regime fall no stimulation bc overcrowded 
romanian orphans compared to uk
before 6 months = secure attachment
after = insecure attachment problems
35
Q

bowlby, what privation can lead to

A
  • anaclitic depression
  • deprivation dwarfism
  • reduced intelligence
  • delinquency
  • affection less psychopath

aqa psychology (8 decks)

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