Attachment Flashcards
What was the procedures of bowlby’s 44 thieves ?
• He had 44 Juveniles referred to him for criminal behaviour and compared them to 44 juveniles referred to him for emotional and social problems
What were the findings of bowlby’s 44 Thieves ?
•17/44 Thieves experiences prolonged separation from mother before the age of 5
•15 of the Thieves had affectionless psychopathy
Evaluate Bowlby’s 44 Thieves
•Practical application - allowed for parents to stay in hospital with child
• it’s a correlation not cause and effect
What are the procedures of Schaffer and Emerson?
• 60 Glasgow babies from working class families
• they were visited every month for one year and then again at 18 months
What are the findings of Schaffer and Emerson’s stages of attachment ?
• Asocial attachment - 0-8 weeks
• Indiscriminate - 2-7 months
• Specific -7-12 months
• Multiple - 12 months plus
Evaluate Schaffer and Emerson’s stages of attachment.
• Ecological Validity
• replicable
• Social desirability - mother reports
• Ethical Issues - baby left alone outside
What did Ainsworth strange situation aim to find?
• wanted to investigate separation anxiety, stranger anxiety and reunion behaviour when child is left alone and left with a stranger
What did Ainsworth strange situation find?
• 70% secure attachment
• 20% avoidant attachment
• 10% resistant attachment
What does Bowlby’s evolution theory say?
• Monotropy - one main attachment
• Internal working model- blue print for all future attachment
• Critical period - 2.5 years
• Innate process
Evaluation of Bowlby’s Evolution theory.
• Practical application - children are given key workers
• hazan and shaver support with internal working model
• Lorenz and Harlow Support
What did Hazan and Shaver aim to find?
Correlation between infant attachment and future romantic attachments
How did Hazan and Shaver gain their results ?
Love experience quiz in the local newspaper and got 620 replies
What results did Hazan and Shaver find ?
• 56% - secure attachment
• 25% - Resistant attachment
• 19% - Avoidant attachment
What did Tronick’s research show about reciprocity ?
•reciprocity was needed for a good attachment
• showed the effects of still face parenting
• baby came distressed when mother stopped reciprocating
What did Meltzoff and Moore show about interactional synchrony ?
Infants as young as 2 weeks watched adults display 2 of 3 facial expression, correlation between adult behaviour and infant response
What did Schaffer and Emerson find about the role of the father ?
3% of cases the main attachment was the father
27% cases the mother and father was joint attachment
75% eventually form a secondary attachment with father by 18 months
What did Grossman find about the role of the father ?
Fathers play style conformed to their own internal working model of attachment
What did field find about the role of the father ?
Compared father/ child interaction with mother and child interaction found primary caretaker fathers were more interactive
What did Lorenz find about imprinting?
Experimental group of geese followed Lorenz everywhere even when mixed with the control group, shows attachment is innate and occurs at birth
Evaluation of Lorenz imprinting.
• Can’t generalise to humans
• many empirical evidence
What were the procedures of Harlow monkeys ?
• 8 rhesus monkeys
• one surrogate mother was clothed and the other was wired but fed the monkeys
What were the findings from Harlow Monkeys ?
All the monkeys formed an attachment with the cloth mother and only left when they really needed food.
Evaluation of Harlows monkeys.
•Practical application - help social workers understand needs
•High control
•Unethical
•Cant generalise
•Confounding variables
How did rutter study institutionalisation ?
•165 Romanian children, 111 adopted before age of 2 and 54 adopted by the age of 4
• longitudinal study compared to 52 British
• tested regularly for physical social and cognitive development
What did Rutter find about institutionalisation ?
• Romanian children were massively behind the development of the British children
• disinhibited attachment
• mental retardation
Evaluation of Rutter
Practical application - enhanced understanding institutionalisation giving children key workers
Less extraneous variables - internal validity
