Attachment

Question 1

What was the procedures of bowlby’s 44 thieves ?

Answer 1

• He had 44 Juveniles referred to him for criminal behaviour and compared them to 44 juveniles referred to him for emotional and social problems

Question 2

What were the findings of bowlby’s 44 Thieves ?

Answer 2

•17/44 Thieves experiences prolonged separation from mother before the age of 5
•15 of the Thieves had affectionless psychopathy

Question 3

Evaluate Bowlby’s 44 Thieves

Answer 3

•Practical application - allowed for parents to stay in hospital with child
• it’s a correlation not cause and effect

Question 4

What are the procedures of Schaffer and Emerson?

Answer 4

• 60 Glasgow babies from working class families
• they were visited every month for one year and then again at 18 months

Question 5

What are the findings of Schaffer and Emerson’s stages of attachment ?

Answer 5

• Asocial attachment - 0-8 weeks
• Indiscriminate - 2-7 months
• Specific -7-12 months
• Multiple - 12 months plus

Question 6

Evaluate Schaffer and Emerson’s stages of attachment.

Answer 6

• Ecological Validity
• replicable
• Social desirability - mother reports
• Ethical Issues - baby left alone outside

Question 7

What did Ainsworth strange situation aim to find?

Answer 7

• wanted to investigate separation anxiety, stranger anxiety and reunion behaviour when child is left alone and left with a stranger

Question 8

What did Ainsworth strange situation find?

Answer 8

• 70% secure attachment
• 20% avoidant attachment
• 10% resistant attachment

Question 9

What does Bowlby’s evolution theory say?

Answer 9

• Monotropy - one main attachment
• Internal working model- blue print for all future attachment
• Critical period - 2.5 years
• Innate process

Question 10

Evaluation of Bowlby’s Evolution theory.

Answer 10

• Practical application - children are given key workers
• hazan and shaver support with internal working model
• Lorenz and Harlow Support

Question 11

What did Hazan and Shaver aim to find?

Answer 11

Correlation between infant attachment and future romantic attachments

Question 12

How did Hazan and Shaver gain their results ?

Answer 12

Love experience quiz in the local newspaper and got 620 replies

Question 13

What results did Hazan and Shaver find ?

Answer 13

• 56% - secure attachment
• 25% - Resistant attachment
• 19% - Avoidant attachment

Question 14

What did Tronick’s research show about reciprocity ?

Answer 14

•reciprocity was needed for a good attachment
• showed the effects of still face parenting
• baby came distressed when mother stopped reciprocating

Question 15

What did Meltzoff and Moore show about interactional synchrony ?

Answer 15

Infants as young as 2 weeks watched adults display 2 of 3 facial expression, correlation between adult behaviour and infant response

Question 16

What did Schaffer and Emerson find about the role of the father ?

Answer 16

3% of cases the main attachment was the father
27% cases the mother and father was joint attachment
75% eventually form a secondary attachment with father by 18 months

Question 17

What did Grossman find about the role of the father ?

Answer 17

Fathers play style conformed to their own internal working model of attachment

Question 18

What did field find about the role of the father ?

Answer 18

Compared father/ child interaction with mother and child interaction found primary caretaker fathers were more interactive

Question 19

What did Lorenz find about imprinting?

Answer 19

Experimental group of geese followed Lorenz everywhere even when mixed with the control group, shows attachment is innate and occurs at birth

Question 20

Evaluation of Lorenz imprinting.

Answer 20

• Can’t generalise to humans
• many empirical evidence

Question 21

What were the procedures of Harlow monkeys ?

Answer 21

• 8 rhesus monkeys
• one surrogate mother was clothed and the other was wired but fed the monkeys

Question 22

What were the findings from Harlow Monkeys ?

Answer 22

All the monkeys formed an attachment with the cloth mother and only left when they really needed food.

Question 23

Evaluation of Harlows monkeys.

Answer 23

•Practical application - help social workers understand needs
•High control
•Unethical
•Cant generalise
•Confounding variables

Question 24

How did rutter study institutionalisation ?

Answer 24

•165 Romanian children, 111 adopted before age of 2 and 54 adopted by the age of 4
• longitudinal study compared to 52 British
• tested regularly for physical social and cognitive development

Question 25

What did Rutter find about institutionalisation ?

Answer 25

• Romanian children were massively behind the development of the British children
• disinhibited attachment
• mental retardation

Question 26

Evaluation of Rutter

Answer 26

Practical application - enhanced understanding institutionalisation giving children key workers
Less extraneous variables - internal validity