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Psychology > Approaches Comparison > Flashcards

Approaches Comparison Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 assumptions of the psychodynamic approach ?

A

The unconscious mind controls behaviour
The id and superego are in constant conflict
Childhood experiences shape personality

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2
Q

What are 3 assumptions of the biological approach ?

A

Behaviour can be explained through evolution
Behaviour is innate
Brain functions are localised

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3
Q

What are 3 assumptions of the behaviourist approach?

A

All behaviour is learned
Humans are born a blank slate
Only observable behaviour should be studied

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4
Q

What are 3 assumptions of social learning theory?

A

Learning occurs through observation
Behaviour can be learnt indirectly and directly
Reinforcements and punishments how behaviour is learned or corrected

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5
Q

What are 3 assumptions of the cognitive approach ?

A

Humans and data processing systems are alike
Humans are like computers
Mental processes can be studied scientifically

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6
Q

What are 3 assumptions of the humanistic approach ?

A

Humans have free will
Humans strive for self actualisation
Consider humans as a whole

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7
Q

How do psychodynamic treat problems ?

A

Psychoanalysis

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8
Q

How do humanistic psychologist treat illnesses ?

A

Person/client centred therapy

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9
Q

How do biological psychologists treat problems?

A

Drugs

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10
Q

How do cognitive psychologists treat problems ?

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy

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11
Q

How do learning theory psychologists test behaviour ?

A

Flooding
Systematic desensitisation
Aversion therapy

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12
Q

What is free will vs determinism ?

A

Free will means humans have a choice in their behaviour whereas determinism means behaviour is fixed and innate

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13
Q

What is the nature vs nurture debate ?

A

Nature means genetics whereas nurture means environment

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14
Q

What is the reductionist vs holistic debate?

A

Holistic means they take into account everything whereas reductionist is having a limited view point

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15
Q

What is the ideographic and nomothetic debate ?

A

Lab studies vs case studies

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16
Q

Which approaches are scientific ?

A

Biological
Behaviourist
Social learning theory
Cognitive

17
Q

How is cognitive approach studied?

A

Initially lab studies and then case studies

18
Q

How is the behaviourist approach studied ?

A

Lab studies and animal studies

19
Q

How do biological psychologist study ?

A

Brain scans , maybe animal scans

20
Q

How does the psychodynamic approach study ?

A

Case studies

21
Q

How does the humanistic approach study?

A

Unstructured interviews

22
Q

Which approaches are deterministic or free will and why?

A

Biological - behaviour is generated from biological roots

Learning theory - behaviourism is but SLT argues a level of choice whether we imitate or not

Cognitive - the way we process information is deterministic but CBT allows for free will

Psychodynamic - behaviour and thoughts are determined by unconscious mind - deterministic

Humanistic - free will - humans choose their own path In life

23
Q

Which approaches are nature and which are nurture ?

A

Biological - nature - behaviour passed through genetics but considers environment (phenotype )

Learning theory - nurture - behaviour is learned through environment

Cognitive - accepts both sides of debate innate thought processes but considers experiences of environment.

Psychodynamic - falls onto both sides innate drives with the ID however childhood affects behaviour too

Humanistic - doesn’t believe the debate is valid, innate drive to be the best you can be, environment can aid that process. Humanistic takes interactionist

24
Q

Which approaches are humanistic or reductionist and why ?

A

Biological - reductionism, only accounts genetics, physiological and biochemical cause

Learning theory - reductionism - isolated behaviour through focus on stimulus response

Cognitive - reductionism- isolates one variable to test it - many cognitions are used in real life.

Psychodynamic - takes into account all elements however focuses on drives as underpinning behaviour - more holistic than reductionism

Humanistic - humans should be considered as a whole - holistic

Psychology (6 decks)

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