ATP Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy needed for within the body?

A
  • keeping warm
  • muscle contractions
  • chemical reactions
  • body processes eg. cell growth, respiration
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2
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

adenosine tri-phosphate

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3
Q

What is the structure of ATP?

A
  • ribose sugar
  • 2 rings of adenine (purine base)
  • 3 phosphate groups
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4
Q

What happens to the third phosphate group during ATP hydrolysis?

A

The covalent bond between phosphate groups has a low activation energy, which means it can easily be broken. When it breaks, it releases a useful amount of energy with little lost as heat

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5
Q

What is the equation for ATP hydrolysis?

A

ATP + H2O -> ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + inorganic phosphate + energy released

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6
Q

What enzyme is used in ATP hydrolysis?

A

ATP hydrolase

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7
Q

What is the equation for ATP condensation?

A

ADP + inorganic phosphate + energy -> ATP + H2O

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8
Q

What enzyme is used in ATP condensation?

A

ATP synthase

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9
Q

Why is ATP a more suitable energy source than glucose?

A
  • releases energy on hydrolysis, this is only a 1 step reaction compared to several reactions in respiration
  • can be readily moved/stored/broken down when needed
  • allows energy to be released in useful amounts
  • reversible reaction
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10
Q

When is ATP resynthesised in cells?

A

During respiration or photosynthesis

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11
Q

How is the hydrolysis of ATP used in cells?

A
  • provides energy for reactions
  • adds phosphate to other substances to make them more reactive
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12
Q

What is the inorganic phosphate used for after hydrolysis?

A

phosphorylates other compounds, making them more reactive

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