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Chemistry > Atoms & Molecules > Flashcards

Atoms & Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What is the valency of an atom?

A

Its bonding possibility/The number of electrons participating in bonding

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2
Q

What is the oxidation state of silver?

A

1+

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3
Q

Give the formula of ammonium

A

NH⁴⁺

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4
Q

Give the formula of hydronium

A

H3O⁺

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5
Q

Give the formula of hydroxide

A

OH⁻

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6
Q

Give the formula of nitrite

A

NO2⁻

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7
Q

Give the formula of nitrate

A

NO3⁻

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8
Q

Give the formula of permanganate

A

MnO4⁻

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9
Q

Give the formula of chlorate

A

ClO3⁻

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10
Q

Give the formula of ethanoate/acetate

A

CH3COO⁻

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11
Q

Give the formula of carbonate

A

CO3²⁻

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12
Q

Give the formula of sulphite

A

SO3²⁻

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13
Q

Give the formula of sulphate

A

SO4²⁻

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14
Q

Give the formula of chromate

A

CrO4²⁻

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15
Q

Give the formula of dicromate

A

Cr2O7²⁻

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16
Q

Give the formula of manganate

A

MnO4²⁻

17
Q

Give the formula of phosphate

A

PO4³⁻

18
Q

What is a lone pair of electrons

A

A pair which had not participated in bonding

19
Q

Where is the strongest repulsion found among electrons?

A

Between lone pairs

20
Q

Give the bonding angle in an ammonia molecule

A

107.3º

21
Q

Give the bonding angle in a water molecule

A

104.5º

22
Q

Give the bonding angle in a methane molecule

A

109.5º

23
Q

Why are metallic compounds good thermal conductors?

A

The ions are close to each other. When heated, the ions vibrate and collide.

24
Q

Why do covalent compounds not conduct?

A

No charges are present

25
Q

State why ionic compounds are only conductive in liquid state

A

The ions are able to vibrate freely. In solid state they vibrate around fixed positions.

26
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The ability of an atom to attract electrons

27
Q

What is a ligand?

A

Element/compound with at least one lone pair of electrons which can be donated

28
Q

Define an allotrope

A

Same element with different structures and properties

29
Q

Describe the structure of diamond

A
  • Each carbon atom is bonded to four others, forming a 3D structure
  • One large molecule
  • Strong intra-molecular forces
30
Q

Name the properties of diamond

A
  • Extremely hard
  • High MP & BP
  • High density
  • No electrical conductivity
31
Q

Name the uses of diamond

A
  • Cutting diamonds
  • Jewelry
  • Drill bits
32
Q

Describe the structure of graphite

A
  • Every carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms
  • Delocalised electrons
  • Forming layers with the ability to slide
33
Q

Name the properties of graphite

A
  • Brittle
  • Excellent electrical conductor
  • Lower MP&BP
  • Lower densit
34
Q

Name the uses of graphite

A
  • Pencils
  • Sport equipment
  • Electrodes in the electrolysis of Al
  • Lubricant
  • Restaurant curtains
35
Q

Explain what happens to the atomic radii of atoms accross the periods

A

Across a period the atomic radius decreases, due to more protons and electrons, which means stronger forces of attraction

36
Q

Explain what happens to the atomic radii of atoms down the groups

A

Down a group the group the atomic radius increases, due to more energy levels

37
Q

Explain what happens to the atomic radius of an atom when it becomes: A cation, An anion

A

Cation: Decreases due to the loss of the outer energy level

Anion: Increases due to more electrons, which repel each other stronger in the outer energy level

38
Q

Give the properties of a mixture

A
  • Can be separated physically
  • No or little energy involved when forming
  • Composition can vary
  • Physical properties are intermediate between those of the component substances
  • Chemical properties of the component substances remain the same
39
Q

Give the properties of a compound

A
  • Can not be separated physically, only chemically
  • Energy is involved in formation
  • Composition can not vary
  • Physical properties are individual and not a result of the - component elements
  • Chemical properties different from component elements

Chemistry (8 decks)

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