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Chemistry > Acids, Bases, Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases, Salts Flashcards

1
Q

Define an acid

A

Proton donor

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2
Q

State the properties of acids

A
  • Donates H+ ions
  • Neutrilises bases
  • Corrosive
  • Sour taste
  • pH below 7
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3
Q

State the different indicators and their colours when added to an acid

A
  • Litmus (RED)
  • Phenolphtalein (CLEAR COLOURLESS)
  • Methyl Orange (CLEAR RED)
  • Bromothymol Blue (CLEAR YELLOW)
  • Universal indicator (According to chart)
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4
Q

State the properties of bases

A
  • Proton receiver
  • Neutrilises acids
  • Corrosive
  • Bitter taste
  • Soapy feel
  • pH above 7
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5
Q

State the different indicators and their colours when added to a base

A
  • Litmus (BLUE)
  • Phenolphtalein (PINK)
  • Methyl Orange (CLEAR YELLOW)
  • Bromothymol Blue (BLUE)
  • Universal indicator (According to chart)
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6
Q

State the only acid which reacts with copper

A

Nitric acid

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7
Q

State the formula of oxalic acid

A

(COOH)2

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8
Q

State two differences between strong and weak acids

A

Strong IONIZES more completely and is a better electrolyte

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9
Q

State two differences between strong and weak base

A

Strong DISSOCIATES more completely and is a better electrolyte

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10
Q

Which two bases from group one are considered weak bases?

A

Sodium and Lithium oxides and hydroxides

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11
Q

Name the soluble salts

A
  • K, Na, NH4 (Solubles)
  • NO3
  • SO4, except Ba, Ca, Pb
  • Cl, except Ag and Pb
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12
Q

Name the insoluble salts

A
  • All carbonates except Solubles
  • All OH except Solubles and Ba
  • CaOH is slightly soluble
  • Any lead and silver salts
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13
Q

Describe the creation of a soluble salt by using an insoluble base or metal

A
  • Add solid in excess to acid
  • Filtrate
  • Residue is excess solid, filtrate is salt
  • Evaporate and crystallise the filtrate
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14
Q

Describe the creation of a soluble salt by using an alkaline

A
  • Tritation, always put acid in burette
  • Add measured amount of alkaline to conical flask
  • Add few drops of indicator
  • Fill burette with acid
  • Add acid bit by bit to the flask, until the colour changes
  • Note amount of acid used
  • Refill burette, but add 1cm3 less acid this time
  • Now add drop by drop until colour just changes
  • Note amount of acid used
  • Now repeat the process without indicator
  • Evaporate and crystallise
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15
Q

Describe the creation of an insoluble salt

A
  • Choose two soluble salts
  • Make aqueous solution of salts
  • A soluble and insoluble salt will form
  • Filter the solution
  • Wash residue with distilled water
  • Allow to dry
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16
Q

Describe the test for CO3

A

Add dilute acid, CO2 is produced

17
Q

Describe the test for Cl-

A

Acidify with dilute nitric acid, add AgNO3. White ppt

18
Q

Describe the test for I-

A

Acidify with dilute nitric acid, add Pb(NO3)2. Yellow ppt

19
Q

Describe the test for NO3-

A

Add NaOH, Al foil, warm carefully. NH3 produced

20
Q

Describe the test for SO4

A

Acidify with dilute nitric acid, add BaNO3. White ppt

21
Q

Describe the effect of a) NaOH and b) NH3 (aq) on a solution containing Al

A

a) White ppt, soluble in excess

b) White ppt

22
Q

Describe the effect of a) NaOH and b) NH3 (aq) on a solution containing NH4

A

a) White ppt

b) No effect

23
Q

Describe the effect of a) NaOH and b) NH3 (aq) on a solution containing Ca

A

a) White ppt

b) Very slight white ppt

24
Q

Describe the effect of a) NaOH and b) NH3 (aq) on a solution containing Cu(II)

A

a) Light blue ppt

b) Light blue ppt, soluble to form dark blue solution

25
Q

Describe the effect of a) NaOH and b) NH3 (aq) on a solution containing Fe (II)

A

a) Green ppt

b) Green ppt

26
Q

Describe the effect of a) NaOH and b) NH3 (aq) on a solution containing Fe(III)

A

a) Red-Brown ppt

b) Red-Brown ppt

27
Q

Describe the effect of a) NaOH and b) NH3 (aq) on a solution containing Zn

A

a) White ppt, soluble in excess

b) White ppt, soluble in excess

28
Q

Describe a test for Cl2 gas

A

Bleaches damp litmus paper

29
Q

Describe a test for NH3 gas

A

Red litmus paper blue

30
Q

Describe a test for NO2 gas

A

Blue litmus paper red

31
Q

Describe a test for SO2 gas

A

Turns acidified Potassium Dicromate(VI) from ORANGE to GREEN

32
Q

State the formula for calculating pH by Hydrogen concentration

A

pH = log[H+]

33
Q

State the Kw value

A

10^(-14) = [OH-][H+]

Chemistry (8 decks)

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