Atoms & Molecules Flashcards
Explanation for the incomplete separation of labetalol enantiomers
The chiral stationary phase has high specificity for the orientation of chiral hydroxyl groups, but not for chiral alkyl groups
Two chiral centers =
Four stereoisomers
Two chiral centers =
Four stereoisomers
Decreasing acidity?
Molecules in middle (highest), then molecule towards an end, then no branched molecules
Diastereomers
Have different chemical and physical
Structural isomers
Refers to molecules with the same molecular formula but a different order of bonding
Enantiomers
Mirror images of one another - differ in small, but not density, B.P., or IR spectra
Sp2 hybridized carbons
Bonded 3 times
In order to interact with a magnetic field,
A nuclei must have a magnetic moment; that is, they must have an odd number of neutrons plus protons
Oxygen atom is:
Paramagnetic, because it has two unpaired electrons
Diamagnetic
Has an even number of electrons
True of acetone
It exists as a pair of tautomers, of which the keto form predominates; occurs because the carbon-oxygen double bond (carbonyl) is much stronger than the carbon-carbon double bond
Acetone has a low B.P., and is polar, but aprotic
Sulfur is very unstable in its diatomic state, S2. This molecule differs from O2 because:
The double bond in S2 is longer
Primary amino group
A group in which nitrogen is attached to one carbon
NAD
Composed of two nucleotides joined by their phosphate groups
Fission rxns can be initiated by bombarding nuclei with neurons, would protons work instead?
No, because neutrons, unlike protons, do not experience repulsion from the nucleus
S designation
Atoms are arranged in a counterclockwise direction from highest priority to lowest priority
R designation
Atoms are arranged in clockwise direction from highest to lowest priority
Priority from highest to lowest
- Carboxy (carboxylic acid or -oic acid)
- Sulfo (sulfonic acid)
- Ester (-oate)
- Acid halide (-oyl halide)
- Amide (carbamoyl- or amide)
- Nitro (nitrile or cyano-)
- Aldehyde (formyl- or -al / -carbaldehyde)
- Ketone (oxo or -one)
- Alcohol (hydroxy- or -ol)
- Thiol (mercapto or -thiol)
Sulfonate
Stabilizes, making carboxy hydrogens highly acidic
Nitrates
All of them are soluble, nothing added that will produce a percipitate
Amine
(n-H or NH2)
Amide
(HN-C=O)
Carboxylic acid
COOH
Imine
C=N
Size of radii
K > K+ > Na+
Number of neutrons in nucleus?
86Kr - 36 (# on periodic table) = 50
Number of neutrons in nucleus?
86Kr - 36 (# on periodic table) = 50
Molecular formula of a heterocyclic aromatic compound, pyrrole?
C4H5N
