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Year 10 chemistry > Atoms elements compounds and mixtures > Flashcards

Atoms elements compounds and mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

Whats a compound

A

A substance containg two or more elements, which are chemically bonded

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2
Q

How can you separate compounds?

A

By chemical reactions or electroylsis

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3
Q

Which side of the equation are the reactants on?

A

The left hand side

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4
Q

What side of the equation are the products on?

A

The right hand side

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5
Q

What’s a mixture?

A

Two or more elements or compounds that aren’t chemically bonded

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6
Q

The components in a mixture still maintain their properties. True or False

A

True

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7
Q

What processes can be used to separate mixture?

A

Physical processes
.No chemical reactions are neccesary

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8
Q

What’s filtration used for?

A

Used to separate insoluble solids from soluble solids
Eg: sand and salt in water

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9
Q

What’s crystallisation used for?

A

Used to obtain soluble solids from a solution
Eg: salt from salt water

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10
Q

What’s simple distillation used for?

A

Used to obtain a solvent from a solution

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11
Q

What’s fractional distillation used for?

A

Used to separate mixtures in which the components have different boiling points

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12
Q

What’s chromatography used for?

A

Used to separate the different soluable, coloured components of a mixture
Eg: separating coloured dyes in a sloution

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13
Q

What was the earliest model of an atom thought to be?

A

Tiny spheres that couldn’t be divided into smaller particles

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14
Q

What was the name of the man that discovered electrons?

A

Thomson

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15
Q

What year were electrons discovered?

A

1898

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16
Q

What did Thomson discover?

A

Electrons

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17
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom

A

0
. Neutral

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18
Q

What’s the overall charge of an electron?

A

-1
.Negative

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19
Q

What’s the plum pudding model?

A

A ‘pudding’ of positive charge with ‘raisins’ of negative electrons dotted around

20
Q

What experiment did Geiger and Marsden conduct?

A

They fired alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold

21
Q

What happened in the Geiger and Marsden experiment? (gold foil)

A

Most of the positively charged alpha particles passed right through the atoms, but a small number were deflected back towards the souce

22
Q

Who discovered the nucleus?

A

Rutherford

23
Q

What did Rutherford determine?

A

That the positive charge in an atom must be concentrated in a small area

24
Q

What model replaced the plum pudding?

A

The nuclear model

25
Q

Who discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus in shells?

A

Bohr

26
Q

Who proved the evidence of neutrons within the nucleus?

A

James Chadwick

27
Q

Relative mass of a proton

A

1

28
Q

Relative mass of a neutron

A

1

29
Q

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

A

The number of protons in it

30
Q

What’s the equation for the number of neutrons?

A

Mass number-atomic numer

31
Q

What’s an isotope?

A

An element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

32
Q

What happens to atoms when they loose or gain electrons?

A

They become an ion

33
Q

How many electrons can the first shell hold in the first 20 elements?

A

Maximum 2

34
Q

How many electrons can the second shell hold in the first 20 elements?

A

Maximum 8

35
Q

Who created the modern periodic table?

A

Mendeleev

36
Q

When did mendeleev create his periodic table?

A

1869

37
Q

What elements are in group 0

A

Noble gases

38
Q

Why are noble gases unreactive?

A

As they have a full outer shell

39
Q

What elements are in group 1?

A

The alkali metals

40
Q

How many electrons in an alkali metals outer shell?

A

1

41
Q

Do alkali metals have high or low melting and boiling points?

A

Low that decrease down the group
They get more reactive further down the group

42
Q

Why do alkali metals get more reactive further down the group?

A

As the outer electrons gets further away, meaning it’s easier to loose

43
Q

What are alkali metals stored in and why?

A

Oil, as they can easily react with water and the air

44
Q

What are the products when an alkali metal reacts with water?

A

Metal hydroxide
Hydrogen gas

45
Q

Do group 1 metals have a high or low density?

A

Low density

46
Q

What happens when alkali metals react with non metals?

A

They form ionic compounds
When this happens the metal ion loses one electron to form a metal ion with a positive charge

47
Q
A

Year 10 chemistry (2 decks)

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