Atoms,Bonding and Periodic Table ch.2 Flashcards
valence electrons
are those electrons that have the highest energy level and are held loosly.
electron dot diagram
it includes the symbol for the element surrounded by dots.
chemical bond
is the force of Attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of rearrangement of elements between them.
symbol
usually consisting of one or two elements. It shows what the element is on the periodic table.
atomic number
It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
period
a row of elements across the periodic table.
group
elements in the same column.
family
groups of elements like metals, non metals, noble gases, halogens etc.
noble gas
group 18 elements are known as noble gases. They have a full outer shell of 8 elements and so they are happy.
halogen
they are the elements in group 17 and because they only need 1 more element to be happy they are very reactive and connect with many elements ex. metals.
alkali metal
they are the elements in group 1 and they are very reactive (except for Hydrogen,it is not an alkali metal but still is in group 1)
______________________are those electrons that are held most loosely in an atom.
valence electrons
The number of valence electrons in an atom of an element determines the ways in which the atom can bond. TRUE or FALSE
True
Identify each element and number of valence electrons.
H* C** 0**
hydrogen,1
Carbon,4
Oxygen,6
Atoms with 8 valence electrons are less likely to form chemical bonds than atoms with fewer valence electrons. TRUE or FALSE
True
How are elements represented in the periodic table?
By groups and their Atomic Numbers and symbols
The __________________ of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic number
What is a row of elements across the periodic table called?
Period
Describe how atomic number changes across a period of elements.
they increase by 1 like, 19, 20 21, until it ends.
What are elements in the same column of the periodic table called?
group
Elements within a group always have the same number of __________________________.
valence electrons
How many valence electrons can atoms of nonmetals have?
always more than 4.
Describe two ways the nonmetals can combine with other elements.
share electrons or
give electrons
Compared to metals and nonmetals how do atoms of metalloids behave when combining with atoms of other elements?
Depending on the conditions they can be metals of nonmetals because they have 3-6 valence electrons. So when they combine they can loose or share valence electrons.
Hydrogen is considered to be a metal. TRUE or FALSE
false
