Atoms

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

building block of matter

Question 2

Matter exists in the universe as

Answer 2

1. Individual particles
2. A collection of particles

Question 3

What to atoms have in common?

Answer 3

They are all:
1. Small
2. Electrically Neutral
3. Made up of the same sub-atomic particles
4. The same appearance

Question 4

Diameter

Answer 4

A line passing through the centre of a circle and has end points on the circumference of the circle

Question 5

1. Atoms are all small

Answer 5

Atoms are approximately 1x10^-9m in diameter

1nm = 1x10^-9m
1 Atom = 0.1nm

Question 6

3. All Atoms are made up from the same sub-atomic particles

Answer 6

-Protons
-Electrons
-Neutrons

Question 7

4 key scientists that helped us understand what an atom looks like is:

Answer 7

1. Dalton(Billard Balls)
2. Thomas(Electron)
3. Rutherford(Nucleus)
4. Bohr(Electron shells)

Question 8

4. Atoms all have the same appearance

Answer 8

1. A Nucleus
   -A tiny, dense region of mass
   -Forming the centre of an atom
2. Surrounded by a number of electron shells
   -“Imaginary rings” round the nucleus
   -upon which electrons travel along

Question 9

Atoms have their own chemical card

Answer 9

-specifically on the periodic table
-Info about an atom is communicated on each atoms chemical card

Question 10

What we find on a chemical card:

Answer 10

Chemical name: Sodium
Chemical symbol: Na
Relative Atomic Mass(RAM): 22.99
Atomic Number(AN): 11 [Tells us E & P count]

Question 11

Atoms have an atomic structure

Answer 11

All atoms appear as
-Electrons orbiting a nucleus of Protons and Neutrons

Question 12

How to calculate Neutron(n) count:

Answer 12

1. Round RAM to a whole number
2. Subtract RAM from AN
   n=RAM - AN

Question 13

Why do we round Relative Atomic Mass(RAM) number when solving for Neutrons(n)?

Answer 13

This is because we cannot have a fraction of a sub-atomic particle(like p or n)
-P & N only exist as whole particles

Question 14

Atoms have a electronic structure:

Answer 14

Electronic structures follow a “2.8.8.18” law

What does this mean?:
1st shell only fits 2 electrons
2nd & 3rd shell hold 8 electrons
4th shell holds 18 electrons

Question 15

Electronic structure places electrons on purpose

Answer 15

Electrons aren’t randomly placed on electronic shells, instead they follow a “rule of placement”

Question 16

Period Number tells us

Answer 16

Number of shells

Question 17

Group Number tells us

Answer 17

Number of valence electrons

Question 18

Difference between Bohr Diagram and Bohr Rutherford Diagram

Answer 18

Bohr: Shows Chemical name and shells with electrons on shells

Bohr Rutherford: Chemical name, Protons and Neutrons are showed in the nucleus, electrons on shells