Atomic Theory & Periodic Table Flashcards
What is ANION?
When an atom gains electrons it becomes an ion with a negative overall charge
What is CATION?
When an atom loses electrons it becomes an ion with a positive overall charge
Subatomic particles charges and their locations.
Proton: Positive, found in nucleus.
Neutron: Neutral, found in nucleus.
Electron: Negative, found in electron shell (orbiting around the nucleus)
How many electrons can fit into each shell
2,8,8,2
How are ions mades?
Ions are formed when atoms either gain or lose electrons
Isotopes of the same element have the same number of what?
Protons
Isotopes of the same element have different numbers of what?
Neutrons
How does period and groups relate to electronic configuration?
The period of an element is the amount of electron shells they have. The group of an element depends on its valence electrons.
What is the octet rule?
The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell.
How does valence electron influence the formation of ions
Valence electrons help decide if an atom gives away or takes in extra electrons. If an atom has only a few, it gives them away and becomes a positive ion. If it has many, it takes more and becomes a negative ion.
What is valence electrons?
Electrons on the last shell
What are periods?
Periods are horizontal rows (across) the periodic table
What are groups?
Groups are vertical columns (down) the table.
How to calculate Relative atomic mass?
RAM=(mass of isotope 1*abundance of that isotope + mass of isotope 2 * abundance of isotope 2)/100
Why having too little neutrons in the nucleus can make an atom unstable?
Too few neutrons → The protons repel each other (because they are all positive), making the nucleus break apart.
Why having too many neutrons in the nucleus can make an atom unstable?
Too many neutrons → The extra neutrons make the nucleus too heavy, causing it to fall apart over time.
Why do electrons not reside in the nucleus?
Electrons stay in stale orbitals because:
-They can only occupy discrete energy levels.
-The uncertainty principle prevents them from being localized in the nucleus.
-Quantum wave behavior defines their spatial distribution.
