Atomic Structure - Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1

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2
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1

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3
Q

What is the charge on an electron?

A

-1

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4
Q

What is the charge on a neutron?

A

0

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5
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

Very small

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6
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

+1

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7
Q

Where in an atom are protons found?

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Where in an atom are neutrons found?

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Where in an atom are electrons found?

A

On shells

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10
Q

Define atomic number.

A

No. of protons in an atom

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11
Q

Define mass number.

A

Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

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12
Q

How do you find out the number of electrons in an atom?

A

It is the atomic number (smaller number)

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13
Q

How do you find out the number of protons in an atom?

A

It is the atomic number (smaller number)

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14
Q

How do you find out the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

The mass number – the atomic number = the number of neutrons

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15
Q

How many electrons can you have on the first 4 shells of an atom?

A

2, 8, 8, 18

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16
Q

Define isotope.

A

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

17
Q

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an element?

A

Relative atomic mass = (isotope 1 mass × isotope 1 abundance + isotope 2 mass × isotope 2 abundance) ÷ total abundance

18
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged particle

19
Q

How are positive ions formed?

A

An atom loses electrons

20
Q

How are negative ions formed?

A

An atom gains an electron

21
Q

What was the Dalton model of the atom?

A

Atoms = tiny spheres that cannot be divided

22
Q

What did Dalton discover?

A

All atoms of an element are identical

23
Q

What did Thomson discover?

A

· Atoms contain electrons
· Atoms are neutral overall

24
Q

Describe Thompson’s ‘Plum Pudding’ model of an atom.

A

Ball of positive charge with electrons embedded throughout

25
Describe Rutherford's model of the atom
Dense, positive mass in the centre (the nucleus) with electrons orbiting the nucleus.
26
What 3 things did Rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment prove?
1) Nucleus = positive (deflected & reflected +ve alpha particles) 2) Nucleus = dense mass in centre of atom 3) Rest = empty space
27
Describe the Neil's Bohr model of the atom
Positive nucleus orbited by negative electrons
28
What did Bohr discover?
The electrons were in fixed shells around the nucleus
29
What did Chadwick discover?
The neutron
30
Describe Chadwick's 'Nuclear Model' of an atom
Neutrons & protons in a +ve nucleus, -ve electrons in shells
31
What is the name for the current model of the atom?
Nuclear model