Atomic Structure - Topic 1

Question 1

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 1

1

Question 2

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

What is the charge on an electron?

Answer 3

-1

Question 4

What is the charge on a neutron?

Answer 4

0

Question 5

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 5

Very small

Question 6

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 6

+1

Question 7

Where in an atom are protons found?

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

Where in an atom are neutrons found?

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

Where in an atom are electrons found?

Answer 9

On shells

Question 10

Define atomic number.

Answer 10

No. of protons in an atom

Question 11

Define mass number.

Answer 11

Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 12

How do you find out the number of electrons in an atom?

Answer 12

It is the atomic number (smaller number)

Question 13

How do you find out the number of protons in an atom?

Answer 13

It is the atomic number (smaller number)

Question 14

How do you find out the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 14

The mass number – the atomic number = the number of neutrons

Question 15

How many electrons can you have on the first 4 shells of an atom?

Answer 15

2, 8, 8, 18

Question 16

Define isotope.

Answer 16

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 17

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an element?

Answer 17

Relative atomic mass = (isotope 1 mass × isotope 1 abundance + isotope 2 mass × isotope 2 abundance) ÷ total abundance

Question 18

What is an ion?

Answer 18

A charged particle

Question 19

How are positive ions formed?

Answer 19

An atom loses electrons

Question 20

How are negative ions formed?

Answer 20

An atom gains an electron

Question 21

What was the Dalton model of the atom?

Answer 21

Atoms = tiny spheres that cannot be divided

Question 22

What did Dalton discover?

Answer 22

All atoms of an element are identical

Question 23

What did Thomson discover?

Answer 23

· Atoms contain electrons
· Atoms are neutral overall

Question 24

Describe Thompson’s ‘Plum Pudding’ model of an atom.

Answer 24

Ball of positive charge with electrons embedded throughout

Question 25

Describe Rutherford’s model of the atom

Answer 25

Dense, positive mass in the centre (the nucleus) with electrons orbiting the nucleus.

Question 26

What 3 things did Rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment prove?

Answer 26

1) Nucleus = positive (deflected & reflected +ve alpha particles)
2) Nucleus = dense mass in centre of atom
3) Rest = empty space

Question 27

Describe the Neil’s Bohr model of the atom

Answer 27

Positive nucleus orbited by negative electrons

Question 28

What did Bohr discover?

Answer 28

The electrons were in fixed shells around the nucleus

Question 29

What did Chadwick discover?

Answer 29

The neutron

Question 30

Describe Chadwick’s ‘Nuclear Model’ of an atom

Answer 30

Neutrons & protons in a +ve nucleus, -ve electrons in shells

Question 31

What is the name for the current model of the atom?

Answer 31

Nuclear model