atomic structure question and answer Flashcards

1
Q

what did john dalton think atoms were like

A

smooth, hard balls that could not be broken down into smaller pieces

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2
Q

why might a theory, such as dalton’s atomic theory change over time

A

as advances are made in scientific technology, new and additional evidence may require that a theory be modified

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3
Q

what was the major change to dalton’s theory

A

the knowledge that atoms are made of even smaller parts

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4
Q

which particle of the atom was the first to be proposed an named

A

the electron

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5
Q

thompson described an atom as having electrons scattered throughout a ball of positive charge, much like seeds in a watermelon, can you think of another model that would describe thompson’s concept of an atom

A

chocolate chip cookie dough

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6
Q

rutherford aimed a beam of positively charged particles at a thin sheet of gold foil to determine whether Thompson’s model of the atom was correct. what should have happened if Thompson’s model really had been correct

A

most of the charged particles would have passed straight through the foil (like what happened), but some would have bent or been deflected slightly because the positive charge was thought to be spread out

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7
Q

in rutherford’s gold foil experiment about 1 in 8000 particles was deflected and the rest passed through the foil. what does this tell you about the structure of gold atoms ?

A

that they are mostly empty space

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8
Q

after the electron, which was the next particle that was proposed and named

A

the proton

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9
Q

whose model first introduced protons

A

rutherford’s model

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10
Q

rutherford’s model of the atom was much like a cherry- the pit modeled the nucleus and the rest of the fruit was space taken up by electrons. can you think of another model that would describe Rutherford’s concept of the atom

A

a peach

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11
Q

how did Bohr change rutherford’s model

A

he proposed that electrons were in specific orbit around the nucleus

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12
Q

bohr’s model of the atom was much like planets orbiting the sun or rings of a tree. can you think of another model that would describe Bohr’s concept of the atom

A

onion

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13
Q

how does the development of the atomic models illustrate the scientific process

A

Each model was proposed to explain observations & to correct inaccuracies in older models that were revealed as a result of experimentation

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14
Q

what is our current model of the atom called . describe this model `

A

electron cloud model –electrons move rapidly within a cloudlike region around the nucleus

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15
Q

what is the major difference between our current model of the atom and Bohr’s model of the atom

A

in the cloud model, electrons do not orbit the nucleus like planets

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16
Q

what is the center of an atom called

A

the nucleus

17
Q

what particles are found in the nucleus

A

protons and neutrons

18
Q

where are electrons found

A

in the cloud like region around the nucleus

19
Q

who discovered the neutron, why was it so hard the find

A

james chadwick, because it has no electric charge

20
Q

what makes an atom neutral

A

equal numbers of protons and neutrons causes the positive and negative charges to cancel each other out

21
Q

how do atoms of one element differ from atoms of another element

A

number of protons

22
Q

what particles make up an atom? Make sure the include the charge and location of each particle

A

protons- positive-nucleus
electrons-negative- electron cloud
neutron- no charge- nucleus

23
Q

explain why scientists use models to study atoms

A

because atoms are so small

24
Q

what two particles account for almost all the mass of an atom

A

protons and neutrons