Atomic structure and the periodic table Flashcards
what is an isotope?
element with same number of protons but different number of neutrons
why do isotopes of elements have slightly different physical properties?
they have different masses
what is relative isotopic mass?
mass of an isotope compared to 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12 atom
what is relative atomic mass?
weighted mean mass of an atom compared to 1/12 of carbon-12 atom
how to work out relative molecular mass
-used only for simple molecules
-add up relative atomic masses of all atoms in molecule
how to work out relative formula mass
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how many orbitals does ‘s’ have and how many electrons can it hold?
1 orbital, 2 electrons
how many orbitals does ‘p’ have and how many electrons can it hold?
3 orbitals, holds 2 in each
how many orbitals does ‘d’ have and how many electrons can it hold?
5 orbitals, holds 5 electrons
how many orbitals does ‘f’ have and how many electrons can it hold?
7 orbitals, holds 2 electrons
how many electrons can each orbital hold?
2
what is an orbital?
region within an atom that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins (spin pairing)
what is the shape of the ‘s’ orbital?
spherical
what is the shape of the ‘p’ orbital?
dumbell
what is the structure of an electron shell?
shell>subshell>orbital
do shells have more energy closer or further from nucleus?
further
when do orbitals have the same energy?
when in same subshell e.g. Px Py Pz all have same
how many electrons fill the first quantum shell?
2
how many electrons fill the second quantum shell?
8
how many electrons fill the third quantum shell?
18