Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Flashcards
What happens with properties inn a mixture?
Each component retains their properties.
What are examples of physical processes to separate mixtures?
filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation, chromatography
What is filtration used to separate?
soluble solids from insoluble liquids
What is crystallisation used to obtain?
a soluble solid from a solution
What happens in simple distillation?
A solvent is obtained from a solution through making a substance evaporate, which is then collected.
What is fractional distillation?
When mixtures with different boiling points are heated to different temperatures, so one component will evaporate and separate at a time.
What is chromatography used for?
To separate different soluble, coloured components of a mixture.
What is the earliest idea of an atom?
That they were tiny, un-dividable, solid spheres.
When did Thomson discover electrons?
1898
Who discovered electrons?
Thomson
What was Thomson’s model of the atom?
Plum pudding: electrons sitting in a ball of positive charge.
How did Rutherford come to the conclusion of a nucleus?
Positively charged alpha particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold. Most came directly through, yet some were deflected, most likely by a ball of positive charge.
What was Rutherford’s model of the atom called?
The nuclear model.
What deduction did Bohr make of the model of the atom?
The electrons would have to orbit around the nucleus at specific distances.
What are isotopes?
The same element with the same number of protons, but with a different amount of neutrons.
