ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND PERIODICITY

Question 1

one of the ways light travels through space. They are characterized by waves

Answer 1

electromagnetic radiation

Question 2

the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs of a wave. It is represented by λ

Answer 2

wavelength

Question 3

the number of waves (cycles) per second that pass a given point in space

Answer 3

frequency

Question 4

defined as things that have mass and whose position in space could be identified

Answer 4

particles

Question 5

are things that are massless and delocalized

Answer 5

waves

Question 6

is quantized and therefore can only occur in discrete units of hv

Answer 6

energy

Question 7

results when light is passed through a prism

Answer 7

continuous spectrum

Question 8

Indicates that only certain energies are allowed for the electron in the hydrogen atom

Answer 8

line spectrum

Question 9

_______________ in an atom can only occupy certain orbits corresponding to certain energies.

Answer 9

electrons

Question 10

relaxed state is called

Answer 10

atom’s ground state

Question 11

describes the properties of orbitals of an atom.

Answer 11

quantum numbers

Question 12

size and energy of the orbital and describes the period or row

Answer 12

principal quantum number

Question 13

defines the shape of the orbital and ranges from 0 to n-1

Answer 13

Angular Momentum Quantum Number

Question 14

describes the three-dimensional orientation of the orbital.

Answer 14

Magnetic Quantum Number

Question 15

describes electron’s magnetic field which affects its energy

Answer 15

Spin quantum number

Question 16

orbitals with the same value of n

Answer 16

electron shell

Question 17

different orbital types within a shell

Answer 17

subshells

Question 18

are orbitals on the same energy level and have same energy

Answer 18

degenerate orbitals

Question 19

Spherical in shape

Answer 19

s orbital

Question 20

have two lobes with a node between them

Answer 20

p orbital

Question 21

Four of the five d orbitals have four lobes; the other resembles a p orbital with a doughnut around the center

Answer 21

d orbital

Question 22

Very complicated shapes and seven equivalent orbitals in a sublevel

Answer 22

f orbital

Question 22

No two electrons in the same atom can have identical sets of quantum numbers.

Answer 22

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Question 23

the way electrons are distributed in an atom

Answer 23

electron configuration

Question 24

most stable organization and lowest possible energy

Answer 24

ground state

Question 25

electrons in the outermost principal quantum level

Answer 25

valence electrons

Question 26

inner electrons

Answer 26

core electrons

Question 27

there must be one electron in each orbital before pairing and the electrons have the same spin, as much as possible.

Answer 27

Hund’s Rule

Question 28

write a shortened version of an electron configuration using brackets around a noble gas symbol and listing only valence electrons

Answer 28

Condensed Electron Configuration

Question 29

The repetitive pattern of a property for elements based on atomic number.

Answer 29

Periodicity

Question 30

Electrons are both attracted to the nucleus and repelled by other electrons

Answer 30

Effective Nuclear Charge

Question 31

the total distance from an atom’s nucleus to the outermost orbital of electron.

Answer 31

atomic radius

Question 32

the distance from the nucleus of an ion up to which it has an influence on its electron cloud

Answer 32

ionic radius

Question 33

smaller than their parent atoms. Outermost electrons are removed and repulsions are reduced. (+)

Answer 33

cations

Question 34

larger than their parent atoms. Electrons are added and repulsions are increased.(-)

Answer 34

anions

Question 35

ions have the same number of electrons

Answer 35

isoelectronic series

Question 36

is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the ground state of a gaseous atom or ion.

Answer 36

Ionization energy

Question 37

is the energy change accompanying the addition of an electron to a gaseous atom

Answer 37

electron affinity