Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is all matter composed of

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What is the relative mass and charge of a

1) proton
2) neutron
3) electron

Answer 2

1) proton ~ relative mass = 1 / relative charge = +1
2) neutron ~ relative mass = 1 / relative charge = 0
3) electron ~ relative mass = 1/2000 / relative charge = -1

Question 3

What is the number of electrons equal to?

Answer 3

The number of protons to give a uncharged atom

Question 4

What is the atomic number equal to

Answer 4

The number of protons

Question 5

What is the mass number equal to?

Answer 5

The number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 6

How to isotopes differ

Answer 6

Different number of neutrons

Question 7

What happens in a mass spectrometer

Answer 7

The samples are ionised, accelerated to constant kinetic energy, allowed to drift and detected

Question 8

Define relative atomic mass

Answer 8

The average mass of an atom compared with 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 9

Define relative molecular mass

Answer 9

The average mass of a molecule compared with 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 10

What does each electron shell consist of

Answer 10

One or more sub-shells, also called orbitals, of which are 4 types (s, p, d, t)

Question 11

An orbital can contain a maximum of how many electrons

Answer 11

2 spinning in opposite directions

Question 12

What is the trend in 1st ionisation energies down group 2

Answer 12

Decreases because the outermost electrons are increasingly shielded from the attraction of the nucleus

Question 13

What is the overall trend in the 1st ionisation energy across a period?

Answer 13

Increases because of the increasing nuclear charge

Question 14

What do 1st ionisation energies provide evidence of?

Answer 14

Shells and sub-shells