Atomic structure Flashcards
where is the neutrons and protons found in the atom?
in the nucleus
where is the electron found in the atom?
outside the nucleus (electron shell)
what is the relative mass of protons and neutrons?
1
what is the relative mass of an electron?
insignificant
what is the charge of a neutron?
0
what is the charge of a proton?
+ / positive
what is the charge of an electron?
- / negative
b
X
a
what does a, b and x stand for?
a= no. of protons=number of electrons in an atom
b= no. of neutrons + protons (mass no. of nucleon no.)
X= element
why is an atom always neutral?
no. of electrons = no. of protons
how is an ion formed?
an atom loses or gains electrons to obtain the stable, full electronic structure of noble gas
what is an isotope?
atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
how to determine the heaviest atom/particle?
most number of neutrons or protons OR largest nucleon number
How to determine isotopes?
-look for same proton number
-look for different number of neutrons: diff neucleon number
why do atoms want to lose and gain electrons?
to achieve complete valence shell (noble gas configuration)
when does an atom want to lose and gain electrons?
Lose: atoms with 1,2 or 3 valence electrons, they will lose these valence electrons to achieve complete valence shell with noble gas configuration
Gain: atoms with 5,6 or 7 valence electrons, they will gain these valence electrons to achieve complete valence shell with noble gas configuration
