Atomic Structure

Question 1

Define: atom

Answer 1

The smallest component of an element that can exist chemically
Not the smallest particles
consist of protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 2

Define: element

Answer 2

Substance that cannot be split or separated into smaller or simpler substances
Simplest substances and are made up from simple particles
Consist of atoms which are all the same: either as single atoms or are bonded together
Composed of atoms that all have the same number of protons in the nucleus

Question 3

Define: molecule

Answer 3

Smallest physical unit of an element or compound
More than one atom bonded together
Can be the same type of atom, or different atoms

Question 4

Define: compound

Answer 4

A pure substance which consists of two or more elements chemically combined

Question 5

Define: isotope

Answer 5

Atoms of same element with different number of neutrons
Different atomic weights

Question 6

Relative atomic mass

Answer 6

= no. protons + no. neutrons
in nucleus of atom

ratio of the average mass per atom of the element compared to 1/12 of the mass of C-12

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

No. protons in nucleus
No. e- in the element

Question 8

proton mass and charge

Answer 8

1.673 x10-27
+1

Question 9

neutron mass and charge

Answer 9

1.675 x 10-27
0

Question 10

electron mass and charge

Answer 10

9.109 x10-31
-1

Question 11

schrodingers theory of H atom

Answer 11

properties of waves used to explain behaviour of e-
an e- in orbit described by wave function

shows nucleus surrounded by cloud of e- density

region of space defined by the wavefunction is an orbit

Question 12

define: orbit

Answer 12

region of space defined by the wave function of an e-

Question 13

e- shells

Answer 13

e- arranged in successive principle energy levels
principle quantum number increases as go further out of the shells

Question 14

maximum e- in 1st shell

Answer 14

n=1
2e-

Question 15

maximum e- in 2nd shell

Answer 15

n=2
8e-

Question 16

maximum e- in 3rd shell

Answer 16

n=3
18e-

Question 17

e- subshells

Answer 17

each principle energy level split into smaller subshells
s, p, d and f

Question 18

n = 1 subshells

Answer 18

e- = 2
1s

Question 19

n=2 subshells

Answer 19

e- = 8
1s 2s 2p

Question 20

n=3 subshells

Answer 20

e- = 18
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d

Question 21

n=4 subshells

Answer 21

e- = 32
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f

Question 22

define; orbital

Answer 22

each sub shell split into smaller orbitals

a region around an atom where there is high probability of finding an e- or a pair of e-

have direction, often represented on an axis
px, py, pz

Question 23

s orbitals

Answer 23

spherical
symmetrical
found at all principle quantum numbers
contains maximum of 2e-

Question 24

p orbitals

Answer 24

three p orbitals identical in shape
point in different directions, one facing each axis
found at n=2 and above
contains maximum 2e-

Question 25

d orbitals

Answer 25

five d orbitals
complicated shape
found at n=3 and above
contains maximum 2e-

Question 26

f orbitals

Answer 26

seven f orbitals
very complicated shape
found at n=4 and above
contains maximum 2e-

Question 27

n=1 atomic orbitals

Answer 27

1s

Question 28

n=2 atomic orbitals

Answer 28

2s 2px 2py 2pz

Question 29

n=3 atomic orbitals

Answer 29

3s 3px 3py 3pz 3dxy 3dxz 3dyz 3dx2-y2 3dz2

Question 30

n=4 atomic orbitals

Answer 30

4s 4px 4py 4pz 4dxy 4dxz 4dyz 4dx2-y2 4dz2
Seven 4f orbitals

Question 31

define; pauli exclusion principle

Answer 31

each orbital contains maximum 2e-
for 2e- to occupy one orbital, spins must be paired

Question 32

define: Aufbau principle

Answer 32

e- occupy lowest energy vacant orbital
start at lowest energy level orbital and work upwards

Question 33

define: hands rule of maximum multiplicity

Answer 33

e- occupy set of degenerate energy orbitals by keeping parallel spins
atom in ground state adopts e- config with highest no. unpaired e-

Question 34

periodic table blocks

Answer 34

each block names for orbital where the last e- is
s- block last e- in an s orbital etc…