ATI - Chapter 32 Flashcards
Communication is a complex process of sending, receiving, and _____ messages between two or more people. It is a dynamic and ongoing process that creates a unique experience between the participants.
comprehending
Communicating ______ is a skill that nurses must develop. Nurses use communication when providing care to demonstrate caring, establish _________, obtain and deliver information and assist with changing behavior.
effectively
therapeutic relationships
Therapeutic communication is foundational to the ______.
nurse client relationship
Effective communication is a key to ensuring client’s ____.
safety
Levels of Basic Communication
intrapersonal interpersonal public transpersonal small group communication
One level of basic communication is called _____ communication within a group of people, often working toward a mutual goal, such as in committees, research teams, and support groups.
small group
One level of basic communication is called ______ communication which is communication within an individual. It is each person’s “self-talk”, the internal discussion when thinking but not outwardly verbalizing thoughts. It helps nurses assess clients and situations and think _____ about them before communicating verbally.
intrapersonal
critically
One level of basic communication is called _____ which is communication between two people. This form of communication is the most common in nursing and requires an exchange of information with another individual. However, messages the receiver perceives can differ from what the sender intended.
interpersonal communication
One level of basic communication is called ________ which is communication within groups of people. Using this type of communication, may nurses teach, give community presentations, or write about nursing or health care topics and issues.
public communication
One level of basic communication is called ________ which is communication that addresses spiritual needs and provides interventions to meet these needs, such as prayer and meditation.
transpersonal communication
Functional Components
Referent Sender Receiver Message Channel Environment Feedback Interpersonal variables
The incentive or motivation for communication between two people.
referent
The person who initiates and transits the message.
sender
The person to whom the sender aims the message and who interprets the sender’s message
receiver
The verbal and nonverbal information the sender expresses and intends for the receiver.
message
The method of transmitting and receiving a message (sight, hearing, touch, facial expression, body language).
channel
The emotional and physical climate in which the communication takes place.
environment
Can be verbal, nonverbal, positive, negative. The message the receiver returns to the sender that indicates the receipt of the message. An essential component of ongoing communciation.
feedback
Factors that influence communication between the sender and the receiver, such as educational and developmental levels.
interpersonal variables
Methods of verbal communication
vocabulary credibility denotative and connotative meaning clarity and brevity timing and relevance pacing intonation
These are the words that communicate a message the sender writes or speaks.
Limited _____ or speaking another language can make it difficult for nurses to communicate with clients. Using medical or nursing jargon can decrease client’s understanding. Children and adolescents tend to use words differently than adults.
vocabulary
Trustworthiness and reliability of the individual. Nurses must be knowledgeable, consistent, honest, confident and dependable. Lack of ____ creates a sense of uncertainty for clients.
credibility
When communicating, participants must share meanings. Words that have multiple meanings can cause miscommunication if people interpret them differently.
denotative (exact definition) and connotative meaning (used in a different context)
The shortest, simplest communication is usually most effective. Long and complex communication can be difficult to understand.
clarity and brevity
Knowing when to communicate makes the receiver more attentive to the message. When clients are uncomfortable or distracted, it can be difficult to convey the message.
timing and relevance
The rate of speech can communicate a meaning the speaker did not intend. Speaking rapidly can suggest not having time for the clients.
pacing
The tone of voice can communicate a variety of feelings. Nurses communicate feelings such as acceptance, judgement, and dislike through their tone of voice.
intonation
Nurses should be aware of how they communicate ______ and should determine the meaning of clients’ _____ communication as well. Culture also affects interpretation. Attention to the following in both the communicator and receiver is necessary.
nonverbally
nonverbal
Nonverbal communication methods
appearance, posture, gait
facial expressions, eye contact, gestures
sounds
territoriality, personal space
Physical characteristics can convey professionalism. Body language and posture can demonstrate comfort and ease in the situation. The first impression is very important.
appearance, posture, gait
_______ can reveal feelings that clients can easily misinterpret. Eye contact typically conveys interest and respect but varies with culture and situation. _____ can enhance verbal communication or create their own messages.
Facial expressions
gestures
Crying or moaning can have multiple meanings, especially when other nonverbal communication accompanies it.
sounds
Lack of awareness of territoriality (right to space) and personal space (the area around an individual) can make clients perceive a threat and react defensively.
territoriality, personal space
Some facilities permit nurses to communicate with clients via ____. An email encryption system is essential for assuring confidentiality. These facilities must also have guidelines that address when and how to use email and what info nurses may convey.
emaile
