ATI - Chapter 16

Question 1

Nurses use traditional nursing measures and complementary therapies, such as guided imagery, massage, relaxation and _____, to help promote health and prevent disease.

Answer 1

music

Question 2

Levels of prevention address health-related activities that are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Levels of prevention are the same as levels of ____.

Answer 2

care

Question 3

Risk Factors (6)

Answer 3

genetics
gender
physiologic factors
environmental factors
lifestyle - risk behaviors
age

Question 4

The risk factor called ______ is when heredity creates a predisposition for various disorders (heart disease, cancers, mental illness).

Answer 4

genetics

Question 5

The risk factor called _____ is when some diseases are more common in one gender than the other. For example, women have a higher incidence of autoimmune disorders, while men have a higher suicide rate.

Answer 5

gender

Question 6

The risk factor called ______ is when various physiologic states place clients at an increased risk for health problems (BMI above 25, pregnancy).

Answer 6

physiologic factors

Question 7

This risk factor called _______ is when toxic substances and chemicals can affect health where clients live and work (water quality, pesticide exposure, air pollution).

Answer 7

environmental factors

Question 8

This risk factor called _______ is when clients have control over how they choose to live, and making positive choices can reduce risk factors. Risk behaviors to screen for include stress, substance use disorders, tobacco use, diet deficiencies, lack of exercise, and sun exposure.

Answer 8

Lifestyle-risk behaviors

Question 9

The risk factor called ______ is when screening guidelines from the American Diabetes Association, American Heart Association, and American Cancer Society promote early detection and intervention. These vary with individual practices (for example, a woman who is sexually active before the age of 20 should start screenings when sexual activity begins.

Answer 9

age

Question 10

Frequency of some major exams and screenings are ______ for clients who are asymptomatic and do not have risk factors.

Answer 10

baseline

Question 11

Tests specific for women

Answer 11

cervical cancer screening

breast cancer screening

Question 12

Tests specific for men

Answer 12

clinical testicular examination

prostate-specific antigen test/ digital rectal examination

Question 13

Routine physical exam for women should occur every ____ years and every _____ years for men from age 20 to 40, more often after the age of 60.

Answer 13

1-3 women

5 men

Question 14

Dental assessment should occur every _____.

Answer 14

6 months

Question 15

Tuberculosis screen should occur every ____. TB tests are generally not needed for people with a low risk of infection with TB bacteria. Higher risks include weak immune system and drug use. Health care workers should be screened ____.

Answer 15

year

annually

Question 16

Blood pressure should be check at least every ____; _____ if previously elevated.

Answer 16

2 years

annually

Question 17

Body Mass Index (BMI) should occur at each _____.

Answer 17

routine health care visit

Question 18

Blood cholesterol should be tested starting at age ____, a minimum of every _____.

Answer 18

20

3 years

Question 19

Blood glucose should be tested starting at age _____, a minimum of every _____.

Answer 19

45

3 years

Question 20

Visual acuity and hearing acuity should be tested in those age 40 and under: every _____ years. Every ____ years in ages 40 to 65. Every year after age ____.

Answer 20

3 to 5 years
2 years
65

Question 21

A skin assessment should be done every _____ by a skin specialist for age 20 to 40; annually over the age of ____.

Answer 21

3 years

40

Question 22

A digital rectal exam (male) should be done during your _____ or annually if have at least a 10 year life expectancy. Consult with the provider if screen should continue after age ____.

Answer 22

routine physical examination

76

Question 23

Colorectal screening should occur every year between the ages of _____ for high-sensitivity fecal occult blood testing, or flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, or colonoscopy every _____. Consult with the provider if screen should continue after age 76

Answer 23

50 and 75

10 years

Question 24

Cervical cancer screening should occur in ages 21 to 29? and a pap smear every ____ in ages 30 to 65, pap and hpv test every ____ years.

Answer 24

3 years

5 years

Question 25

Breast cancer screening in ages 20 to 39 should be done every _____, then annually; ages 40 and older; ______ annually.

Answer 25

3 years

mammogram

Question 26

Clinical testicular examination should be done at each routine health care visit starting at age ____.

Answer 26

20 years old

Question 27

Prostate specific antigen test / digital rectal examination should occur ____ starting at age 50. Consult with the provider if screen should continue after age 76.

Answer 27

every year

Question 28

_____ addresses the needs of healthy clients to promote health and prevent disease with specific protections. It decreases the risk of exposure individual/community to disease.

Answer 28

primary prevention

Question 29

Methods of primary prevention

Answer 29

immunization programs
child car seat education
nutrition
fitness activities
health education in schools

Question 30

Methods of secondary prevention

Answer 30

communicable disease screening, case finding
early detection, treatment of diabetes mellitus
exercise programs for older adults who are frail

Question 31

Secondary prevention focuses on identifying illness, providing treatment, and conducting activities that help prevent a _____ health status.

Answer 31

worsening

Question 32

Tertiary prevention aims to prevent the ______ of a chronic illness or disability and to support optimal functioning.

Answer 32

long-term consequences

Question 33

Tertiary prevention begins ______ an illness or injury.

Answer 33

after

Question 34

Tertiary prevention can involve ______ centers.

Answer 34

rehabilitation

Question 35

Tertiary prevention can include referrals to ______.

Answer 35

support groups

Question 36

Tertiary prevention can occur after spinal cord injury to prevent _____.

Answer 36

pressure ulcers

Question 37

Tertiary prevention can include promoting ______ after a traumatic brain injury.

Answer 37

independence

Question 38

The Healthy People 2020 provides a list of national objectives to promote health and prevent disease among the _____.

Answer 38

national population

Question 39

The objectives of the Healthy People 2020 are updated every ______ and involve a collaborative effort for implementation by the local governments, voluntary and professional orgs, businesses, and ______.

Answer 39

20 years

individuals

Question 40

Healthy People 2020 aims to improve health _____.

Answer 40

health priorities

Question 41

Healthy People 2020 aims to improve awareness and ____ of the progress involving health, disease, and disability.

Answer 41

understanding

Question 42

Healthy People 2020 aims to apply measurable health goals at the ______.

Answer 42

local, state, and national level

Question 43

Healthy People 2020 aims apply _____ to strengthen polices and improve health practice.

Answer 43

best practice

Question 44

Healthy People 2020 aims to ______ the need for research, evaluation and data collection of health disparities.

Answer 44

identify

Question 45

Examine _____ to identify modifications, adopt mutually agreeable goals, and identify ______.

Answer 45

risk factors

support systems

Question 46

Refer clients to educational/_______/Support resources. Help clients recognize benefits (not smoking reduces the risk of lung cancer) and overcome _____ (not smoking covers expenses for healthful pursuits).

Answer 46

community

barriers

Question 47

Nurses should advocate for _____ in the community.

Answer 47

changes

Question 48

By using behavior-change strategies you can identify clients’ ______ to receive and apply health information.

Answer 48

readomess

Question 49

By using behavior-change strategies you can identify possible ____.

Answer 49

interventions

Question 50

BY using behavior-change strategies you can help _____ change by setting realistic timelines.

Answer 50

motivate

Question 51

By using behavior-change strategies you can _____ steps to change.

Answer 51

reinforce

Question 52

By using behavior-change strategies you can assist the client to recognize his personal perceived barriers that can hinder _______ to adopting and maintaining the plan for a healthy lifestyle change.

Answer 52

commitment

Question 53

By using behavior-change strategies you can encourage clients to _____ the change.

Answer 53

maintain

Question 54

By using behavior-change strategies you can ____ healthy behaviors.

Answer 54

model

Question 55

Promote healthy lifestyle behaviors by instructing clients to use _____ strategies.

Answer 55

stress management

Question 56

Promote healthy lifestyle behaviors by instructing clients to get adequate ____.

Answer 56

sleep and rest

Question 57

Promote healthy lifestyle behaviors by instructing clients to eat a nutritious diet to achieve and maintain a _____.

Answer 57

healthy weight.

Question 58

Promote healthy lifestyle behaviors by instructing clients to avoid _____.

Answer 58

saturated fats

Question 59

Promote healthy lifestyle behaviors by instructing clients to participate in ____ most days.

Answer 59

regular physical activity

Question 60

Promote healthy lifestyle behaviors by instructing clients to use sunscreen, wear protective clothing and _____.

Answer 60

avoid sun exposure between 10 am and 4 pm

Question 61

Promote healthy lifestyle behaviors by instructing clients to avoid _____ products, alcohol, and illegal drugs.

Answer 61

tobacco

Question 62

Promote healthy lifestyle behaviors by instructing clients to practice ___ sex.

Answer 62

safe

Question 63

Promote healthy lifestyle behaviors by instructing clients to seek medical care when necessary, get routine screenings and perform recommended _____.

Answer 63

self examination (breast, testicular)

Question 64

A nurse is caring for a 19-year-old client who is sexually active and has come to the college health clinic
for the first time for a checkup. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform first to
determine the client’s need for health promotion and disease prevention?
A. Measure the client’s vital signs.
B. Encourage HIV screening.
C. Determine the client’s risk factors.
D. Instruct the client to use condoms.

Answer 64

C. Correct: The first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is ASSESSMENT. The nurse should talk with the client first to determine what risk factors the client might have before initiating the appropriate health promotion and disease prevention measures

Question 65

A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who has multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease. When planning health promotion and disease prevention strategies for this client, which of the following interventions should the nurse include ?(Select all that apply)

A. Help the client see the benefits of her actions
B. Identify the client’s support systems
C. Suggest and recommend community resources
D. Devise and set goals for the client
E. Teach stress management strategies

Answer 65

A. Correct: The nurse should help the client recognize the benefits of her health-promoting actions while also overcoming barriers to taking implementing actions.

B. Correct: Once the nurse has collected information about who can help the client change her unhealthful behaviors, she can suggest ways the client’s supportive friends and family can get involved.

C. Correct: The nurse should promote the client’s use of any available comity or online resources that can help her progress toward meeting her goals.

E. Correct: Stress is a contributing factor to cardiovascular disease, as well as many other specific and systemic disorders

D. Incorrect: The nurse and the client should work together to devise and set mutually agreeable goals that are also realistic and achievable.

Question 66

A nurse in a health clinic is caring for a 21y.o. client who reports a sore throat. The client tells the nurse that he has not seen a doctor since high school Which of the following health screenings should the nurse expect the provider to perform for this client?

A.Testicular examination
B. Blood glucose
C. Fecal occult blood
D. Prostate-specific antigen

Answer 66

A. Correct: Starting at age 20, examinations for testicular cancer are appropriate, along with blood pressure and body mass index measurements and cholesterol determinations.

Question 67

A nurse is talking with a client who recently attended a cholesterol screening event and a heart-healthy nutrition presentation at a neighborhood center. His total cholesterol result from the screening was 248mg/dL, so he saw his provider and received a medication prescription to improve his cholesterol. The client was later hospitalized for severe chest pain, and subsequently enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Which of the following activities of this client is an example of primary prevention?

A. Cholesterol screening
B. Nutrition presentation
C. Medication therapy
D. Cardiac rehabilitation

Answer 67

B. Correct: Primary prevention encompasses strategies that actually help prevent illness or injury. This level of prevention includes health information about nutrition, exercise, stress management, and protection from injuries and illness.

A. Incorrect: an example of secondary prevention
C. Incorrect: An example of secondary prevention
D. Incorrect: example of tertiary prevention

Question 68

A nurse at a provider’s office is talking with a 45 y.o. client who has no specific family history of cancer or diabetes mellitus about planning her routine screenings. Which of the following client statements indicates that the client understands how to proceed?

A. “So I don’t need the colon cancer procedure for another 2 or 3 years?”
B. “For now, I should continue to have a mammogram each year.”
C.”Because the doctor just did a Pap smear, I’ll come back next year for another one.”
D. “I had my blood glucose test last year, so I won’t need it again until next year”

Answer 68

B. Correct: between the age of 40 and 50, women should have a mammogram annually.

Question 69

Add application exercises key

Answer 69

pg 86