Atherosclerosis, IHD and Arrhythmias Flashcards
The following are side effects of meds that are used to treat _______:
➢Dry mouth is often synergistic with burning mouth
➢Lichenoid reactions (may have a “burning” symptom)
➢Gingival hyperplasia
➢Angioedema
➢Taste changes
➢Lupus type lesions
Hypertension
Serious potential complications of severe uncontrolled HTN:
- Stroke
- Angina
- Arrhythmia
- Myocardial infarction
• Inflammatory disorder with accumulation of
lipid plaque within the arterial walls
➢ Thickened intima (decreased arterial lumen)
➢ Decreased oxygen
➢ Decreased blood flow to the myocardium
• Leads to
➢ Stenosis
➢ Angina (stable ischemic disease)
➢ MI
➢ Ischemic stroke (acute ischemic disease)
➢ Peripheral arterial disease
Atherosclerosis
• Associated symptoms ➢ Chest pain ➢ Angina • Complications ➢ Unstable angina ➢ Myocardial infarction (necrosis) ➢ Thrombosis ➢ Embolism ➢ Aneurysm
Atheroscleorsis
• Chest pain resultant from ischemic changes ➢Mid-chest pain described as o“aching, heavy squeezing pressure or tightness” • Pain may radiate ➢Shoulder, arms, jaw • Pain lasts 5-15 minutes ➢ If unstable angina, may be longer • Vasodilation used to resolve
Angina pectoris
_____ angina pectoris
➢Imbalanced cardiac perfusion
➢Stable symptoms, reproducible, predictable, consistent
➢Chest pain precipitated by physical activity/exertion
➢Resolves with cessation of activity
• Stable angina pectoris
_____ angina pectoris
➢Disruption of atherosclerotic plaque
➢Possible partial thrombosis, embolism or vasospasm
➢Symptoms increasing
➢Chest pain at rest or with less intense physical activity/exertion
• Unstable angina pectoris
• Irreversible coagulative necrosis of the myocardium
➢Lose normal conduction and contraction
➢Left ventricle MI more common
• Symptoms similar to angina, plus
➢Radiating features
➢Severe substernal pain with shortness of breath, profuse sweating,
and loss of consciousness
• Pain does not resolve with vasodilators and is more prolonged
Myocardial Infarction
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors/ statins are used for patients with _______
Hyperlipidemia
For most general dental procedures, do you take them off antiplatelet therapy?
No leave on blood thinners
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ can measure the degree of heart failure ➢Measures amount (%) of blood that leaves the left ventricle after contraction.
Ejection Fraction
An ejection fraction below ___ is considered bad and not getting better in response to CVd
40%
- Primary pacemaker
- Regulates atrial function
- Produces P wave (atrial depolarization)
SA node
• Regulates atrial impulses entering
ventricles
• Slows conduction rate of SA generated
impulses
AV node
• Simultaneous depolarization of the
ventricles
QRS complex
• Repolarization of the ventricles
T wave
• depolarization of the atria
P wave
Disruption of the electrical impulse generation or conduction in the heart that
leads to abnormal cardiac function
• Formation of abnormal impulse
• Increased impulse formation
• Enhanced or abnormal impulse formation
• Delayed depolarization
• Re-excitation of the heart after refractory period
The disruption may be due to an area of:
• Infarction
• Ischemia
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Medication
The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is ventricular fibrillation
Arrhythmia
The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is _________
ventricular fibrillation
The most common arrhythmia is ______
Atrial fibrillation
Causes of \_\_\_\_\_ • Cardiovascular disorders • Myocardial infarction • Mitral stenosis • Valvular disease • Ischemic heart disease • Congestive heart failure • Pulmonary disorder ➢Pneumonia ➢Obstructive lung disease • Autonomic disorder • Hyperthyroidism • Drugs ➢ Epinephrine ➢ Alcohol ➢ Digitalis ➢ Morphine ➢ Beta-blockers ➢ Tricyclic antidepressants, and others • Electrolyte imbalance • Anxiety and anger
arrhythmias
• Most common arrhythmia • Rapid uncontrolled atrial activity • Irregularly irregular rhythm • Risk of arterial clot formation ➢ Embolism and stroke
Atrial Fibrillation
T/F: NEVER STOP ANTICOAGULATION FOR DENTAL TREATMENT
UNLESS EXTENSIVE SURGERY
True
Can you do electrosurgery on a pt with arrhythmia?
Never
