atherosclerosis

Question 1

what is atheroscerosis

Answer 1

disease of the arteries by the deposition of fatty material in inner walls

Question 2

what are the 3 layers of artery

Answer 2

intima
media
adventitia

Question 3

whats the intima

Answer 3

inner smooth protective coating endothelial cells

Question 4

branch points

Answer 4

produce turbulent flow and eddies

Question 5

what happens if theres a slow flow within eddies

Answer 5

increased expression of adhesion molecules because of reduced NO

Question 6

where is plaque formation common

Answer 6

in branch points due to increased adhesion molecules expressed on the endothelial layer

Question 7

what is normal flow in arteries

Answer 7

produce NO
reduces WBC adhesion

Question 8

what happens after increased adhesion

Answer 8

WBC interact w adhesion molecules

inflammatory cytokines induce diapedesis

Question 9

what happens in plaque progression

Answer 9

platelets, endothelial cells and macrophages release growth factors and cytokines that promote the migration of smooth muscle cells from media to intima
PLAQUE NARROWS OPENING AND IMPEDES BLOOD FLOW

Question 10

WHAT HAPPENS IN PLAQUE EROSION

Answer 10

macrophages release MMPS and ROS to destabilise plaque via cellular toxicity

Question 11

what does HDL do

Answer 11

inhibit expression of adhesion molecules and oxidation of LDL
promotes cholesterol reflux