ATB kinds Flashcards
• Beta lactams - Penicillin:
inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis & bind to penicillin receptor
Penicillin G:
G pos.: Strep. Pyogenes, Strep. Pneumoniae, Strep. Agalactiae
G neg.: Neisseria, Treponema pallidum
Resistance: enterobacteriaceae
Penicillin V:
Same as Penicillin V
Penicillin M
= oxacillin
Good for Staph. aureus
Ampicillin:
Enterococcus sp., Haemophilus infl., Enterobacteriaceae, Staph. Aureus
Piperacillin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacteriaceae
Beta-lactams - Cephalosporins:
1st gen: for G+ => cephalexin
2nd gen: for G+ and G- => cefuroxime
3rd gen: for G- => cefotaxime
4th gen: for G+ and G- => cefepime
Resistant are: listeria spp., enterococcus spp.
Beta-lactams - Carbapenems:
Merzopenem & imipenem G + and G- cocci G + rods Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Anaerobic bacteria Nosocomial infections
Glycopeptides
Vancomycine
Streptococcus spp
Staphylococcus spp.
Enterococcus spp.
Clostridium spp.
Resistant are: Chlamydia, G- bacteria
Polymyxins
Polymyxin B and bacitracin
Enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Resistant are: G+ bacteria
Aminoglycosides:
Gentamicin, streptomycin
Staphylococcus epidermidis Haemophilus influenza Neisseria meningitides Mycobacterium Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus
Resistance in Streptococcus spp., Clostridium and Legionella
Macrolides
Erythromycin (alternative to penicillin if allergy present) G pos. cocci, G pos. rods G neg. bacteria Anaerobic bacteria Resistant are: Enterobacteriaceae
Streptogramines
Dalfopristin and quinupristin
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus spp.
Some Strep. Have resistance
Tetracycline / glycylcycline
Tetracycline
Bread spectrum
G+, G-, mycobacterium, protozoa
Flouroquinolones
Ciprofloxacine Broad spectrum G pos. G neg. Mycobacterium UTI RTI Bacteremia
Lincosamines
Lincomycin
Staphylococcus spp.
Streptococcus spp.
Oxazolidinones
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus spp.
Enterococcus spp.
Resistant are: some G pos. coccus strains
Rifampin
tuberculosis and biofilm infections – Staph spp., Strep. Spp., Pseudom. Aerog.
Nitromidazole
anaerobic infections, anti-parasitic
Sulfonamide
=> G pos. and G neg., UTI, RTI, protozoa
