Asturias to Leon

Question 1

Rise of León

Answer 1

The Kingdom of León
has been characterized as a border society
subject to regular Muslim raids, Mozarabic migrants, and Jewish minorities.

Question 2

Church of Santiago de Peñalba

Answer 2

The church (and no longer extant monastery) was initiated by a Spanish Benedictine monk and built during reign of Ramiro II, with his support.
Construction materials include slate roofing,
limestone, and marble columns.

Question 3

Cross of Peñalba

Answer 3

The church was endowed
with the votive cross of
Peñalba by Romiro II in 940.
It was to express gratitude
for apostle St. James
assistance with a battle
against the Caliph of
Cordoba Abd al-Rahman II in
939 at the battle of
Simancas.

Question 4

León

Answer 4

was a Roman city with an established Catholic population when Visigothic Arian Leovigild conquered it.

Question 5

Cantabrian Range

Answer 5

beginning the Kingdom of León.

Question 6

Douro River

Answer 6

The border was defined by the Douro River.

Question 7

parias

Answer 7

tributes

Question 8

Visigothic script

Answer 8

was developed in Visigothic Toledo. Part of León Bible of 960

Question 9

incipit

Answer 9

the opening words of a text, manuscript, early printed book

Question 10

Alfonso VI

Answer 10

He conquered Muslim Toledo, fundamentally altering the balance of power.