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Science Bowl > Astronomy > Flashcards

Astronomy Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the “seas” on the moon called?

A

Maria

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1
Q

What star does the Earth revolve around?

A

Sol

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3
Q

What are the two inferior planets?

A

Mercury and Venus

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4
Q

Name the moons of Mars

A

Phobos and Deimos

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5
Q

What is the y-axis of the HR diagram?

A

Luminosity/Absolute Magnitude

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6
Q

What does HR stand for?

A

Hertzprung-Russel

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7
Q

What are the spectral classes?

A

O,B,A,F,G,K,M

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8
Q

What is a helpful HR mnemonic?

A

Oh, be a fine girl, kiss me (OBAFGKM)

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9
Q

What is the speed of light in miles per second?

A

186,252

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10
Q

What is the speed of light in meters/second?

A

299,792,458

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11
Q

What is the brightest star in the night sky?

A

Sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris)

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12
Q 
What is (usually) the brightest object in the night sky?
(Excluding the moon)
A

Venus

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13
Q

Name the Galilean moons of Jupiter

A

Io, Callisto, Europa, Ganymede

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14
Q

Who invented the telescope?

A

Hans Lippershey

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15
Q

Who is generally accredited with our present model of the solar system?

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

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16
Q

When was the Crab Supernova observed by Chinese astronomers?

A

1054 CE

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17
Q

What force prevents main sequence and giant stars from collapsing?

A

hydrostatic pressure

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18
Q

What force prevents white dwarves from collapsing?

A

Electron degeneracy pressure

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19
Q

What force prevents neutron stars from collapsing?

A

Neutron degeneracy pressure

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20
Q

What is the Chandrasekhar limit?

A

The maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star

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21
Q

How many solar masses is the Chandrasekhar limit?

A

1.39

22
Q

Who discovered that the distant galaxies tended to be moving away from one another? (the universe was expanding)

A

Edwin Hubble

23
Q

Who developed the telescope consisting solely of mirrors?

A

Sir Isaac Newton

24
Q

What is the world’s largest radio telescope?

A

Arecibo, located in northern Puerto Rico

25
Q

What was the first manned mission to the moon?

A

Apollo 11

26
Q

What was the first American satellite?

A

Explorer 1

27
Q

What was discovered by Explorer 1?

A

the Van Allen radiation belts

28
Q

Who oversaw the development of the Saturn V?

A

Wernher Von Braun

29
Q

Who was the first human in space?

A

Yuri Gagarin

30
Q

Who was the first woman in space?

A

Valentina Tereshkova

31
Q

When was Sputnik 1 launched?

A

October, 1957

32
Q

What year did Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon?

A

1969

33
Q

Who is basically the best person ever and was played by Ed Harris in what is basically the best movie ever? (He oversaw the salvage of Apollo 13)

A

Gene Kranz

34
Q

What moon of Saturn is well known for it’s ice volcanos?

A

Enceladus

35
Q

What is the largest (and coolest) moon of Saturn?

A

Titan

36
Q

What is the primary moon of Pluto?

A

Charon

37
Q

What is the belt of objects of which Pluto is a member?

A

Kuiper Belt

38
Q

What object contains approximately 1/3 of the mass of the asteroid belt?

A

Ceres

39
Q

What was Edmund Halley’s major contribution to astronomy?

A

The discovery that comets were periodic phenomena

40
Q

What is the average distance between the Earth and Sun?

A

93 million miles

41
Q

What body is said to contain trillions of comets at the very outer extent of the solar system?

A

Oort Cloud

42
Q

What is the nearest large spiral galaxy to the Milky Way?

A

the Andromeda Galaxy (M31)

43
Q

What class of objects is an extremely distant, extremely luminous, group of active galaxies containing supermassive black holes?

A

Quasars

44
Q

What are rapidly rotating neutron stars called?

A

Pulsars

45
Q

What planet does Triton orbit?

A

Neptune

46
Q

What are clouds of plasma released by the sun called?

A

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)

47
Q

What is the sun’s “atmosphere” called

A

the Corona

48
Q

What instrument allows the viewing of the corona?

A

coronagraph

49
Q

What allows the contents of a star or other object to be determined?

A

spectroscopy

50
Q

What allows ground based observatories to counteract turbulence?

A

Adaptive Optics (AO)

51
Q

What year was the sextant invented?

A

1757

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