Astronomy

Question 0

Does it matter how far away a star is when measuring apparent brightness?

Answer 0

Yes

Question 1

Does it matter how far away a star is when measuring luminosity?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Does it matter how far away a star is when considering the scale of absolute magnitude?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Does it matter how far away a star is when considering the scale of apparent magnitude?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What is luminosity and how do you measure it?

Answer 4

It’s the amount of power generated by a star, and its symbol is L, but its measured in watts

Question 5

What is apparent brightness in a star?

Answer 5

The brightness a star appears to be from earth

Question 6

What is apparent brightness?

Answer 6

The apparent brightness scale in which the brightest is. First magnitude, and the dimmest is sixth magnitude visible with the unaided eye. Any magnitudes above six cannot be seen with unaided eyes. The symbol is m

Question 7

What is the ratio of the brightness in the scale?

Answer 7

Ie: a magnitude 1 star is 100 times brighter than a magnitude 6 star. Diff of five = 100

Question 8

What is apparent brightness?

Answer 8

The brightness a star appears to be from earth

Question 9

What is absolute magnitude?

Answer 9

A measure of brightness independent of distance (M)

Question 10

What is important to know about a stars surface temperature?

Answer 10

• it’s not affected by the distance to the star
• its determined by the stars color
• on a scale from coldest to hottest the star colors are; red, yellow, white, blue

Question 11

What are the spectral types of hot O stars?

Answer 11

B, A, F, G, K, M in order of declining surface temp

“Oh be a fine girl kiss me”

Question 12

What are the layers of the earths atmosphere from the lowest to highest?

Answer 12

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere

Question 13

What are some properties of the thermosphere?

Answer 13

• hot, up to 2000°C during day, because its near the sun
• exposed to high UV radiation
• its lower parts are protected and cooler

Question 14

What are some properties of the mesosphere?

Answer 14

• its unstable
• the temp in it decreases with height
• has noctilucent clouds

Question 15

What are some properties of the stratosphere?

Answer 15

• hottest at top due to formation of ozone
• is stable
• weather balloons here

Question 16

What are some properties of the troposphere?

Answer 16

• unstable
• weather occurs here
• lowest layer

Question 17

What is the Coriolis effect?

Answer 17

Changes in direction that appear to be due to an unseen force (coriolis force)

Question 18

In the coriolis effect, what direction do objects in the northern hemisphere veer to? The southern hemisphere?

Answer 18

In the north they veer right, in the south they veer left

Question 19

What does keplers first law state?

Answer 19

That a small body orbiting a large body will travel in an elipses with the large body

Question 20

What does keplers 2nd law state?

Answer 20

That a small body orbiting a large body moves fastest when it’s near the large body

Question 21

What does keplers 3rd law state?

Answer 21

angular size cubed / Time it takes to orbit squared = G • the mass of the larger / 4 pie squared

Question 22

What does the universal law of gravitation state?

Answer 22

That the gravitational force between objects, (Fg) = G • the objects masses, (m1 • m2) / the distance between their centers in meters squared

Question 23

What direction does a low pressure system in the northern hemisphere move?

Answer 23

Counter clockwise

Question 24

How do most stars start out?

Answer 24

They are formed as a protostar from a nebula

Question 25

What is true of both small and large main sequence stars?

Answer 25

That in them, fusion and gravity balance out each other, keeping them stable

Question 26

How does a red giant form?

Answer 26

When hydrogen runs out, helium fusion begins. The energy produced causes its outer layers to cool and glow red

Question 27

How does a super giant form?

Answer 27

After h runs out, helium fusion begins, and cooler outer layers glow red. Later heavier elements begin to fuse

Question 28

How does a planetary nebula form?

Answer 28

When Helium fusion overwhelms gravity, the outer layer of a ted giant expand into a gas cloud

Question 29

How do protostars form from nebulas?

Answer 29

When density waves compress the nebulas gas, it clumps, creating protostars

Question 30

What is the hottest layer of the suns atmosphere?

Answer 30

The corona