Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations-Pulmonary > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common chronic dz in childhood?

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Asthma sx’s

A
  1. Wheezing (expiratory)
  2. Cough (nocturnal)
  3. Dyspnea
    * Non-specific
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Asthma Dx

A
  1. Hx of respiratory sx’s AND
  2. Demonstration of variable, reversible*, expiratory airflow obstruction
  3. History + Physical AND spirometry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is one of the biggest risks factors for having asthma?

A

Atopy

  • Genetic association
  • Predisposition toward developing certain allergic hypersensitivity rxn
  • -> i.e. atopic dermatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atopic triad

A
  1. Allergy- Allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps (ASA allergy??)
  2. Asthma
  3. Eczema- Atopic dermatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test?

A

Spirometry/PFTs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does FEV1 tell you?

A

Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec

Tells you the Severity of obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a normal FEV1 value?

A

> or equal to 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a normal FVC value?

A

> or equal to 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What FEV1/FVC ratio percentage indicates obstructive disease?

A

<70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What FEV1 value is considered mild obstruction?

A

> 70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What FEV1 value is considered moderate obstruction?

A

50-69&

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What FEV1 value is considered severe obstruction?

A

<50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What determines reversibility?

A

Bronchodilator (albuterol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What increase in FEV1 after given a bronchodilator is diagnostic of asthma?

A

12% or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a good test to perform if a patient has normal baseline flows, but you are suspicious of asthma? How does it work?

A

Bronchoprovocation testing

  • Inhale methacholine or mannitol
  • Trying to trigger/induce asthma exacerbation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Diagnostic Approach-Symptom categorization

A
  1. Sx frequency
  2. Nighttime awakening
  3. Need fo short acting beta-agonist
  4. Interference with normal activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What medications do you want to avoid in asthma?

A
  1. ASA- Samter triad, nasal polyps

2. NSAIDs

19
Q

Beta-2 Agonist MOA

A

Bronchodilator

-Relieve bronchospasm by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle

20
Q

List short acting B-2 Agonists (SABA)

A
  • Albuterol
  • Pirbuterol
  • Levalbuterol
21
Q

When would you use a SABA?

A
  1. Emergently

2. Preventative- Exercise

22
Q

What do you use a long acting B-2 Agonists (LABA) for?

A

PREVENTION

23
Q

long acting B-2 Agonists (LABA) contraindications

A
  1. Not for rescue during acute exacerbation

2. Not a PRN inhaler

24
Q

LABA black box warning

A

Long-acting B-agonists may increase the risk of asthma death when used alone= MUST USE WITH INHALED STEROID

25
Q

What do you use an inhaled corticosteroid for?

A
  • Decrease inflammation

- Preventative therapy

26
Q

Benefit of a LABA and ICS combo inhaler

A

Long acting relief for:

Bronchospasm + Reduced inflammation

27
Q

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist MOA

A

-Blocks LT receptors, mitigates inflammation and mucosal edema effects

28
Q

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist example

A

Montelukast (Singulair)

29
Q

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist indication

A

Asthma + Allergies

30
Q

Anticholinergics MOA

A

Decrease mucous secretions

31
Q

Anticholinergics indication

A

acute exacerbation

32
Q

Example of Anticholinergics

A

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

33
Q

Monoclonal Antibody indications

A
  • Severe Asthma

- Use in pulmonology office

34
Q

Omalizumab (solaire) MOA

A

Recombinant antibody that binds IgE WITHOUT activating mast cell release

35
Q

Reslizumab (Cinqair) & Mepolizumab (Nucala)

A

IL-5 antagonist monoclonal antibodies

36
Q

Oral corticosteroid indications

A
  1. Acute exacerbation

2. Severe chronic sx’s

37
Q

Methylxanthines/Phosphodiesterase (theophylline) inhibitors adverse reactions

A

Toxicity and adverse CV effects= avoid use!

38
Q

What is the predicted average Peak Expiratory Flor Rate (PEFR) based on?

A
  1. Age

2. Height

39
Q

After how long do you admit a pt to ICU for an acute asthma exacerbation?

A

4-6 hrs

40
Q

Signs and sx’s of severe exacerbation

A
  1. Inability to speak full sentences
  2. Accessory muscle use
  3. Tri-pod positioning
  4. SpO2< 90%
41
Q

Imminent respiratory arrest sx’s

A
  1. Confusion
  2. Cyanosis
  3. Fatigue
  4. Agitation
42
Q

Rx treatment mid-moderate acute exacerbation

A
  1. O2 titrate up to SpO2>90%

2. Albuterol +/- Antcholinergic (Ipratropium)

43
Q

Adjunct therapies severe acute exacerbation

A
  1. IV magnesium
  2. IV epinephrine
  3. Terbutaline
  4. Heliox
  5. Ketamine
  6. Neuromuscular blockers
44
Q

Preventive care

A
  1. Pneumococcal vaccine prior to age 65

2. Annual influenza vaccine

Foundations-Pulmonary (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions