Asthma Flashcards
Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with asthma?
A) Persistent cough without wheezing
B) Chest tightness and dyspnea
C) Hemoptysis
D) Unexplained weight loss
Answer: B) Chest tightness and dyspnea
Which diagnostic test is most commonly used to confirm asthma?
A) Chest X-ray
B) Spirometry
C) CT scan
D) Allergy skin testing
Answer: B) Spirometry
Which of the following is a common controller medication for asthma?
A) Albuterol
B) Prednisone
C) Inhaled corticosteroids
D) Oral antibiotics
Answer: C) Inhaled corticosteroids
What is the primary goal of asthma management?
A) To cure the disease
B) To improve symptoms and prevent recurrence
C) To reduce the need for medications
D) To minimize the need for follow-up
Answer: B) To improve symptoms and prevent recurrence
Which of the following is a red flag that may indicate a severe asthma exacerbation?
A) Symptoms only at night
B) Mild wheezing without dyspnea
C) Use of accessory muscles for breathing
D) Intermittent cough
Answer: C) Use of accessory muscles for breathing
When should a patient with asthma use their short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)?
A) Every morning and night
B) Only during an acute asthma attack
C) Before every meal
D) Once a week
Answer: B) Only during an acute asthma attack
Which of the following is NOT recommended as part of asthma patient education?
A) Basic asthma facts
B) Use of inhalers and spacers
C) Avoidance of all physical activity
D) Smoking cessation
Answer: C) Avoidance of all physical activity
How often should a patient with moderate persistent asthma experience symptoms?
A) Less than two days per week
B) More than two days per week but not daily
C) Daily but not continuous
D) Continuous daily symptoms
Answer: C) Daily but not continuous
Which of the following medications is used as a reliever for asthma symptoms?
A) Inhaled corticosteroids
B) Long-acting beta-agonists
C) Short-acting beta-agonists
D) Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Answer: C) Short-acting beta-agonists
Which of the following findings on spirometry would suggest asthma?
A) Normal forced vital capacity (FVC)
B) Decreased forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
C) Increased peak expiratory flow (PEF)
D) Increased total lung capacity (TLC)
Answer: B) Decreased forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
What is a key feature in differentiating asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A) Presence of wheezing
B) Use of inhalers for management
C) Reversibility of airway obstruction
D) Presence of chronic cough
Answer: C) Reversibility of airway obstruction
Which of the following should be included in an asthma action plan?
A) Instructions for increasing medication doses during an exacerbation
B) Schedule for routine exercise
C) List of non-prescription medications to use
D) Guidelines for discontinuing medication
Answer: A) Instructions for increasing medication doses during an exacerbation
Answer: A) Instructions for increasing medication doses during an exacerbation
What is the recommended follow-up interval for a patient with well-controlled asthma?
A) Every month
B) Every 3-6 months
C) Once a year
D) Only when symptoms worsen
Answer: B) Every 3-6 months
What is a potential complication of uncontrolled asthma?
A) Diabetes
B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C) Heart disease
D) Frequent hospitalizations due to severe exacerbations
Answer: D) Frequent hospitalizations due to severe exacerbations
Which of the following is a key component of patient education for managing asthma?
A) Avoiding all forms of exercise
B) Using antibiotics at the first sign of symptoms
C) Knowing how to use rescue inhalers correctly
D) Reducing fluid intake
Answer: C) Knowing how to use rescue inhalers correctly
What is the purpose of using a peak flow meter in asthma management?
A) To measure blood oxygen levels
B) To monitor airway obstruction and assess asthma control
C) To determine the need for antibiotics
D) To evaluate heart function
Answer: B) To monitor airway obstruction and assess asthma control
Which type of medication is typically used as a first-line controller therapy in asthma management?
A) Short-acting beta-agonists
B) Inhaled corticosteroids
C) Oral antibiotics
D) Antihistamines
B) Inhaled corticosteroids
Which of the following is a common trigger for asthma exacerbations?
A) Cold weather
B) Physical activity
C) Dust mites
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
What is a characteristic feature of asthma that differentiates it from other chronic lung diseases?
A) Irreversible airflow limitation
B) Reversible airflow limitation
C) Continuous airflow limitation
D) Progressive airflow limitation
Answer: B) Reversible airflow limitation
What characterizes severe persistent asthma regarding the frequency of symptoms and physical activity?
A) Symptoms occurring less than 2 days per week, with normal physical activity
B) Daily symptoms with nighttime symptoms more than once weekly, and limited physical activities
C) Continuous daily symptoms, frequent nighttime symptoms, frequent exacerbations, and limited physical activities
D) Symptoms more than 2 days per week but not daily, with physical activities not limited
Answer: C) Continuous daily symptoms, frequent nighttime symptoms, frequent exacerbations, and limited physical activities
For asthma classified as mild persistent, how often do symptoms typically occur?
A) Less than 2 days per week
B) More than 2 days per week but not daily
C) Daily but not continuous
D) Continuous daily symptoms
Answer: B) More than 2 days per week but not daily
A patient with mild persistent asthma is expected to have which of the following characteristics?
A) FEV1 less than 60% predicted
B) Symptoms less than 2 days per week
C) Nighttime symptoms more than once weekly but not nightly
D) FEV1 greater than 80% predicted with PFT variability of 20-30%
Answer: D) FEV1 greater than 80% predicted with PFT variability of 20-30%
Which of the following best describes moderate persistent asthma symptoms?
A) Symptoms less than 2 days per week and less than 2 nights per month
B) Symptoms more than 2 days per week but not daily, and several nights per month
C) Continuous daily symptoms with frequent nighttime symptoms and limited physical activities
D) Daily symptoms with nighttime symptoms more than once weekly but not nightly
Answer: D) Daily symptoms with nighttime symptoms more than once weekly but not nightly
Which classification of asthma severity involves PFT variability greater than 30%?
A) Intermittent
B) Mild persistent
C) Moderate persistent
D) Severe persistent
Answer: C) Moderate persistent
What is the frequency of nighttime symptoms in a patient with intermittent asthma?
A) Less than twice per month
B) More than twice per month
C) More than once per week
D) Nightly
Answer: A) Less than twice per month
Which action should be taken if a patient has a poor response to initial asthma treatment?
A) Measure PEFR
B) Proceed to the emergency room
C) Prescribe SABA
D) Initiate low-dose ICS
Answer: B) Proceed to the emergency room
Which treatment is appropriate for a mild exacerbation of asthma?
A) Add oral glucocorticoids
B) Continue b2 agonist
C) Call clinician at once
D) Add high-dose ICS
Answer: B) Continue b2 agonist
Which of the following medications is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used in asthma management?
A) Theophylline
B) Montelukast
C) Salmeterol
D) Ipratropium
Answer: B) Montelukast
Which medication used in asthma management is administered three times per week to prevent respiratory infections?
A) Montelukast
B) Azithromycin
C) Theophylline
D) Omalizumab
Azithromycin
In the management of asthma, which class of medication is used as a long-term controller to maintain airway patency?
A) SABA
B) Oral/systemic corticosteroids
C) LABA
D) Antibiotics
Answer: C) LABA
Which of the following is a controller medication used in asthma management?
A) SABA
B) ICS
C) Oral/systemic corticosteroids
D) Antibiotics
Answer: B) ICS
What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
A) Klebsiella pneumoniae
B) Streptococcus pneumonia
C) Legionella pneumoniae
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B) Streptococcus pneumonia
The barrel-chest characteristic of emphysema is a result of:
A) Chronic coughing
B) Hyperinflation
C) Polycythemia
D) Pulmonary hypertension
B) Hyperinflation
Which of the following is a possible consequence of sleep apnea?
A) Insulin resistance
B) Asthma
C) Increased white blood cells
D) Hyperactivity
A) Insulin resistance
Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in patients with severe asthma?
A) Propranolol
B) Albuterol
C) Theophylline
D) Amoxicillin
A) Propranolol (Correct)
African American patients have been found to have an adverse reaction to which of the following asthma medications when given alone?
A) Oral corticosteroids
B) Long-term beta-agonist bronchodilators
C) Leukotriene-receptor agonists
D) Inhaled corticosteroids
B) Long-term beta-agonist bronchodilators
Pneumococcal vaccine is considered a preventative measure for bacterial pneumonia. For which population is it indicated?
A) Patients with acute bronchitis
B) Adolescents and young adults
C) All persons older than 45 years
D) Patients with COPD
D) Patients with COPD
Which of the following is not part of the CURB-65 criteria?
A) Blood pressure
B) Uremia
C) Cough
D) Age
C) Cough
Lisa is a 25-year-old graduate student experiencing chest tightness, a feeling of suffocation, and feels like she “can’t get air in.” She has no current history of heart or lung disease and did not exercise leading up to this attack. Which of the following is the most likely cause for this dyspnea?
A) Anxiety-related dyspnea
B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Severe chronic anemia
A) Anxiety-related dyspnea
When ordering a CBC in a person with acute exacerbations of asthma, you would expect to see:
A) Increased hematocrit and increased platelets
B) Decrease in WBCs and lymphocytosis
C) Moderate elevation in WBCs and atypical lymphocytes
D) Mild elevation in WBCs and eosinophils
D) Mild elevation in WBCs and eosinophils
Diagnostic criteria for COPD must include:
A) A history of smoking or other irritant exposure
B) An FVC of <80% predicted
C) The presence of dyspnea, chronic cough, and sputum
D) An FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.7
D) An FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.7
