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anatomy > assignment 3 - vertebral column > Flashcards

assignment 3 - vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

what are the vertebrae that make up the spinal column

A

7 cervical
13 thoracic
7 lumbar
3 sacral

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2
Q

ventral base of the vertebrae

A

body

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3
Q

At the junction of the arch and the body
projects laterally from the vertebral arch on each side of the vertebra

A

transverse process

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3
Q

a thin bone that essentially forms an arch dorsal to the body

A

vertebral arch

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3
Q

The space formed between the arch and body

A

vertebral foramen

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3
Q

The vertebral arch can be further delineated as being formed by 2 ventral ______ & 2 dorsal ______

A

pedicles
laminae

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4
Q

protrudes from the dorsal most aspect of the vertebral arch and or laminae, where the right and left lamina meet

A

spinous process

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5
Q

In the cranial aspect of the arch at the junction of the pedicles and laminae, a lateral projection emerges and is referred to as

A

cranial articular process

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6
Q

In the caudal aspect of the arch at the junction of the pedicles and laminae, a lateral projection emerges and is referred to as

A

caudal articular process

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7
Q

notches found at the cranial and caudal most aspect where the pedicle unites with the body

A

cranial & caudal vertebral notches (2 of each)

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8
Q

the vertebrae are lined up in a cranial to caudal orientation
caudal aspect of the cranial vertebra articulates with the cranial aspect of the caudal vertebra
All of the vertebral foramen line up to form this

A

vertebral canal

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9
Q

between the caudal articular processes of the cranial vertebra with the cranial articular processes of the caudal vertebra

A

synovial articulation

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10
Q

articulation between vertebral bodies

A

intervertebral disc
- a fibrocartilaginous articulation

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11
Q

what 2 parts is the intervertebral disc composed of?

A

anulus fibrosus & nucleus pulposus

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12
Q

a group of concentric fibrous rings forming the external aspect of the intervertebral disc and is thicker ventrally than dorsally

A

anulus fibrosus

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13
Q

a semi-fluid structure found in the center of the intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposus

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14
Q

The nucleus pulposus is under pressure and “escapes if afforded the opportunity”, usually dorsally towards the vertebral foramen which contains the spinal cord. This pressure on the spinal cord can result in

A

intervertebral disc disease

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15
Q

When the vertebrae are lined up in a cranial to caudal orientation, the caudal vertebral notch of the cranial vertebra lines up with the cranial vertebral notch of the caudal vertebra to form the

A

intervertebral foramen

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16
Q

The intervertebral foramen is the opening through which the __________ ______ ______ pass to and from the spinal cord and gain access to peripheral structures

A

peripheral spinal nerves

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17
Q

the most cranial vertebrae of the vertebral column and are characterized by prominent transverse processes and by significant modifications to the 2 most cranial vertebrae

A

cervical vertebrae

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18
Q

The first cervical vertebra, C1, is also referred to by its common name. What is its common name?

A

atlas

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19
Q

what makes the atlas different from other cervical vertebrae?

A

modified articular processes
no spinous process
significantly reduced body
modified, large transverse processes

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20
Q

what are important features of the atlas?

A
  • wing
  • body
  • cranial articular fovea
  • vertebral foramen
  • transverse foramen
  • lateral vertebral foramen
  • caudal articular fovea
21
Q

describe the cranial fovea in the atlas

A

concave foveas (fovea = small depression) lateral to the body that articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull

22
Q

what passes through the vertebral foramen?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral vein, & vertebral nerve

23
Q

what exits the lateral vertebral foramina?

A

first cervical peripheral spinal nerve

24
Q

The second cervical vertebra, C2, is also referred to by its common name. What is its common name?

A

axis

25
Q

what are the features of the axis?

A
  • transverse body
  • body
  • cranial articular process
  • vertebral foramen
  • transverse foramen
  • dens
  • caudal articular process
  • spinous process
26
Q

what passes through the transverse foramen in the axis?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral vein, vertebral nerve

27
Q

a cranial prominence which is a modification of the body

A

dens

28
Q

what are the exceptions for the vertebrae C4-C7?

A

C6 has an enlarged transverse process
C7 lacks a transverse foramen

29
Q

features of C4-C7 vertebrae

A
  • transverse process*
  • body
  • cranial articular process
  • vertebral foramen
  • transverse foramen*
  • caudal articular process
  • spinous process
  • pedicle
  • laminae
30
Q

caudal to the thoracic vertebrae & are characterized by a forward slope of the spinous processes, transverse processes that project craniolaterally, and prominent articular processes

A

lumbar vertebrae

31
Q

begins on the mid-thoracic vertebrae, becomes prominent and obvious in the lumbar vertebrae

A

accessory process

32
Q

caudal to the lumbar vertebrae and cranial to the caudal vertebrae
it’s formed by the fusion of three vertebrae
lies between and articulates with the ilia

A

sacrum

33
Q

formed by the fusion of three spinous processes in the sacrum

A

median crest

34
Q

articulates with the hip bone in the sacrum

A

auricular surface

35
Q

the ventral aspect of the cranial body surface in the sacrum this forms the dorsal aspect of the pelvic inlet

A

promontory

36
Q

The cranial extremity of the rib contains a rounded what?

A

head of the rib

37
Q

The dorsal extremity of the rib contains a prominent what?

A

tubercle

38
Q

The head and the tubercle are connected by the ____ in the ribs

A

neck

39
Q

how many pairs of ribs are in the dog?

A

13

40
Q

The caudodorsal aspect of the body of C7 and T1 through T9 contains a concave area termed

A

caudal costal fovea

41
Q

The craniodorsal aspect of the body of T1 through T10 contains a concave area termed

A

cranial costal fovea

42
Q

The caudal costal fovea of the more cranial vertebra (i.e. T4) and the cranial costal fovea of the more caudal vertebra (i.e. T5) form a complete…

A

costal fovea

43
Q

What does the costal fovea articulate with?

A

the head of the rib

44
Q

what part of the rib articulates with the transverse process?

A

tubercle

45
Q

All ribs have a dorsal bony part and a ventral cartilaginous part called

A

costal cartilage

46
Q

The junction of the bony and cartilaginous part of the rib is referred to as

A

costochondral junction

47
Q

made up of 8 bony sternebrae joined by intersternebral cartilages

A

sternum

48
Q

The most cranial sternebra is called the

A

manubrium

49
Q

The caudal-most sternebra is called the

A

xyphoid process

50
Q

The costal cartilages of ribs 10 - 12 unite with one another to form the

A

costal arch

51
Q

what are the palpable landmarks of the spinal column, ribs, & sternum?

A
  • wing of atlas
  • transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
  • manubrium
  • xyphoid process
  • ribs 3-13 (ribs 1 & 2 are usually under the triceps)
  • spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
  • spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae
52
Q
A

anatomy (8 decks)

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