assignment 3 - limb innervation Flashcards
what are the 2 categories of the nervous system & what are they composed of?
central NS: brain & spinal cord
peripheral NS: cranial nerves & spinal nerves
What leave the left and right side of the spinal cord at regular intervals
spinal nerves
the spinal nerves supply _____ and _______ innervation to the muscles, skin, vessels, and joints of the limbs, neck, and body trunk
motor, sensory
A single spinal nerve consists of a combination of axons from 4 nerve types. What are they?
general somatic afferent
general somatic efferent
general visceral afferent
general visceral efferent
nerve axons conducting signals FROM skin, skeletal muscle, tendons, and joints; TO THE CNS (spinal cord)
general somatic afferent
nerve axons conducting signals FROM walls of tubular visceral organs, exocrine glands; TO THE CNS (spinal cord)
general visceral afferent
nerve axons conducting signals FROM CNS; TO voluntary striated muscle
general somatic efferent
nerve axons conducting signals FROM CNS; TO involuntary smooth muscle of organs and vessels, cardiac muscle
general visceral efferent
exits the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord
dorsal root
contains the AFFERENT nerves
dorsal root
exits the ventral aspect of the spinal cord
ventral root
contains the EFFERENT nerves
ventral root
The dorsal root and ventral root unite and form a mixed
spinal nerve
exits the vertebral column through the intervertebral foramen that exists between adjacent vertebrae
spinal nerve
The spinal nerve then splits into a ______ ______ that supplies structures dorsal to the transverse process of the vertebra and a _______ ______ that supplies structures ventral to the transverse process of the vertebra
dorsal branch, ventral branch
exits through the LATERAL VERTEBRAL FORAMEN of the ATLAS
cervical spinal nerve 1
The dorsal and ventral branches can “run with” adjacent dorsal and ventral branches, respectively
plexus
a plexus of ventral branches that supply the muscles, vessels, nerves, structures, and skin of the thoracic limb
brachial plexus
The BRACHIAL PLEXUS is formed primarily by ventral branches from spinal nerves
CS6, CS7, CS8, and TS1
relating to or affecting the skin
cutaneous
branches supplying sensory innervation from the skin to the CNS
cutaneous nerve (fibers)
cutaneous nerve branches would primarily contain
general somatic afferent (axons)
a superficial location supplied SOLELY by ONE cutaneous nerve (and one parent branch)
autonomous zone
- can help with diagnostics to test a parent nerve
the brachiocephalic nerve innervates part of what muscle distal to the shoulder?
brachiocephalicus
the suprascapular nerve innervates the ____________ & _____________
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
the subscapular nerve innervates the _____________ muscle
subscapularis
what does the axillary nerve innervate
subscapularis, teres major, teres minor, & deltoideus
what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
biceps brachii & brachialis
Cutaneous branch of musculocutaneous nerve
supports an autonomous zone in the craniomedial proximal 3/4ths of the antebrachium
medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve
what does the radial nerve innervate
triceps, anconeus, antebrachial extensors, & supinator
what does the radial nerve branch off into
deep branch of the radial nerve
superficial branches of the radial nerve
supplies the supinator and antebrachial extensors
deep branch of the radial nerve
travel on either side of the cephalic vein in the cranial antebrachium and supply sensory innervation and support an autonomous zone on the cranial and lateral surface of the forearm and dorsal carpus, metacarpus, and digits
superficial branches of the radial nerve
what do the median & ulnar nerves innervate
pronator teres (median) & antebrachial flexors (median & ulnar)
what is the cranial & caudal division that the median ulnar common trunk splits into?
cranial = median nerve
caudal = ulnar nerve
what two nerves have a connecting nerve ranch that can send sensory info from the paw to the CNS?
musculocutaneous nerve & median nerve
what do the pectoral nerves innervate
deep pectorals
superficial pectoral
what does the long thoracic nerve innervate?
serratus ventralis
what does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?
latissimus dorsi
cranial nerve
ascends along the spinal cord into the cranial cavity, exits the cranial cavity, and emerges on the lateral aspect of the neck
accessory nerve
what does the accessory nerve innervate
omotransversarius, trapezius, & brachiochephalicus
