assignment 3 - limb innervation

Question 1

what are the 2 categories of the nervous system & what are they composed of?

Answer 1

central NS: brain & spinal cord
peripheral NS: cranial nerves & spinal nerves

Question 2

What leave the left and right side of the spinal cord at regular intervals

Answer 2

spinal nerves

Question 3

the spinal nerves supply _____ and _______ innervation to the muscles, skin, vessels, and joints of the limbs, neck, and body trunk

Answer 3

motor, sensory

Question 4

A single spinal nerve consists of a combination of axons from 4 nerve types. What are they?

Answer 4

general somatic afferent
general somatic efferent
general visceral afferent
general visceral efferent

Question 5

nerve axons conducting signals FROM skin, skeletal muscle, tendons, and joints; TO THE CNS (spinal cord)

Answer 5

general somatic afferent

Question 6

nerve axons conducting signals FROM walls of tubular visceral organs, exocrine glands; TO THE CNS (spinal cord)

Answer 6

general visceral afferent

Question 7

nerve axons conducting signals FROM CNS; TO voluntary striated muscle

Answer 7

general somatic efferent

Question 8

nerve axons conducting signals FROM CNS; TO involuntary smooth muscle of organs and vessels, cardiac muscle

Answer 8

general visceral efferent

Question 9

exits the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord

Answer 9

dorsal root

Question 10

contains the AFFERENT nerves

Answer 10

dorsal root

Question 11

exits the ventral aspect of the spinal cord

Answer 11

ventral root

Question 12

contains the EFFERENT nerves

Answer 12

ventral root

Question 13

The dorsal root and ventral root unite and form a mixed

Answer 13

spinal nerve

Question 14

exits the vertebral column through the intervertebral foramen that exists between adjacent vertebrae

Answer 14

spinal nerve

Question 15

The spinal nerve then splits into a ______ ______ that supplies structures dorsal to the transverse process of the vertebra and a _______ ______ that supplies structures ventral to the transverse process of the vertebra

Answer 15

dorsal branch, ventral branch

Question 16

exits through the LATERAL VERTEBRAL FORAMEN of the ATLAS

Answer 16

cervical spinal nerve 1

Question 17

The dorsal and ventral branches can “run with” adjacent dorsal and ventral branches, respectively

Answer 17

plexus

Question 18

a plexus of ventral branches that supply the muscles, vessels, nerves, structures, and skin of the thoracic limb

Answer 18

brachial plexus

Question 19

The BRACHIAL PLEXUS is formed primarily by ventral branches from spinal nerves

Answer 19

CS6, CS7, CS8, and TS1

Question 20

relating to or affecting the skin

Answer 20

cutaneous

Question 21

branches supplying sensory innervation from the skin to the CNS

Answer 21

cutaneous nerve (fibers)

Question 22

cutaneous nerve branches would primarily contain

Answer 22

general somatic afferent (axons)

Question 23

a superficial location supplied SOLELY by ONE cutaneous nerve (and one parent branch)

Answer 23

autonomous zone
- can help with diagnostics to test a parent nerve

Question 24

the brachiocephalic nerve innervates part of what muscle distal to the shoulder?

Answer 24

brachiocephalicus

Question 25

the suprascapular nerve innervates the ____________ & _____________

Answer 25

supraspinatus infraspinatus

Question 26

the subscapular nerve innervates the _____________ muscle

Answer 26

subscapularis

Question 27

what does the axillary nerve innervate

Answer 27

subscapularis, teres major, teres minor, & deltoideus

Question 28

what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

Answer 28

biceps brachii & brachialis

Question 29

Cutaneous branch of musculocutaneous nerve supports an autonomous zone in the craniomedial proximal 3/4ths of the antebrachium

Answer 29

medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve

Question 30

what does the radial nerve innervate

Answer 30

triceps, anconeus, antebrachial extensors, & supinator

Question 31

what does the radial nerve branch off into

Answer 31

deep branch of the radial nerve superficial branches of the radial nerve

Question 32

supplies the supinator and antebrachial extensors

Answer 32

deep branch of the radial nerve

Question 33

travel on either side of the cephalic vein in the cranial antebrachium and supply sensory innervation and support an autonomous zone on the cranial and lateral surface of the forearm and dorsal carpus, metacarpus, and digits

Answer 33

superficial branches of the radial nerve

Question 34

what do the median & ulnar nerves innervate

Answer 34

pronator teres (median) & antebrachial flexors (median & ulnar)

Question 35

what is the cranial & caudal division that the median ulnar common trunk splits into?

Answer 35

cranial = median nerve caudal = ulnar nerve

Question 36

what two nerves have a connecting nerve ranch that can send sensory info from the paw to the CNS?

Answer 36

musculocutaneous nerve & median nerve

Question 36

what do the pectoral nerves innervate

Answer 36

deep pectorals superficial pectoral

Question 36

what does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

Answer 36

serratus ventralis

Question 36

what does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

Answer 36

latissimus dorsi

Question 36

cranial nerve ascends along the spinal cord into the cranial cavity, exits the cranial cavity, and emerges on the lateral aspect of the neck

Answer 36

accessory nerve

Question 36

what does the accessory nerve innervate

Answer 36

omotransversarius, trapezius, & brachiochephalicus