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assessment #1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are some characteristics of life?

A
  • at least 1 cell
  • need energy (metabolize nutrients to make ATP) to survive
  • respond to stimuli in their environment
  • able to reproduce
  • can grow and develop
  • have a universal genetic code
  • maintain homeostasis
  • adapt and evolve over time
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2
Q

autotrophs

A

organisms that make their own nutrients using solar energy

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3
Q

heterotrophs

A

organisms that get energy by consuming nutrients from the environment

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4
Q

sexual reproduction

A

two sex cells needed to reproduce

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5
Q

asexual reproduction

A

only one sex cell is needed to reproduce

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6
Q

Adapt and evolve over time

A

Evolution is a gradual change in a population of organisms over generations

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7
Q

maintain homeostasis

A

homeostasis-a relatively stable internal environment (within a certain range)
negative feedback can help maintain homeostasis

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8
Q

What do DNA and RNA do?

A

pass on genetic info

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9
Q

What charges attract?

A

opposite

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10
Q

What charges repel?

A

similar

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11
Q

Define intermolecular forces and give an example.

A

forces occur between molecules, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions

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12
Q

Define intramolecular forces and give an example.

A

forces occur within molecules, covalent bonds

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13
Q

hydrogen bond

A
  • weak attraction between 2 polar molecules
  • forms between H on one molecule, and O, N, or Fl on another
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14
Q

cohesion

A
  • when water molecules are attracted to themselves due to their polarity
  • helps create surface tension
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15
Q

adhesion

A
  • water is attracted to other polar/charged particles
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16
Q

capillary action

A

water moving upwards through tight spaces due to cohesion and adhesion working together

17
Q

amphipathic

A
  • has polar and nonpolar regions in the same molecule
18
Q

POV: You have a petri dish with fresh tap water. You use a plastic fork to try to float a clean, dry paperclip on the surface of the water. Then, you add some dish detergent solution to it. What is happening and why is this happening?

A

The paperclip floats at first, but when the soap to it, the paperclip moves to the edge and then immediately sinks. At a molecular level, surface tension is what is keeping the paperclip afloat. Soap is amphithatic, meaning it has both polar and nonpolar regions. Water molecules were attracted to the polar end of the soap molecules. This caused the hydrogen bonds to break and the surface tension goes away, allowing the paperclip to sink.

19
Q

POV: You have a glass slide and you drop some water on it. You have a clean piece of wax paper and you drop some water on it. What is happening and why is this happening?

A

The water slides down the glass in drips and leaves trails behind because adhesion is causing the water, a polar substance, to be attracted to glass, a polar substance. With the wax paper, the water drips down in a single ball and leaves no trails behind because wax is a nonpolar substance, so the water is not attracted to it. This allows the water to be attracted to itself (cohesion)

20
Q

POV: You have a vial with water and oil in it. What is happening and why is this happening?

A

Oil is nonpolar and water is polar, so they are not attracted to each other, but they are attracted to themselves via cohesion.

21
Q

POV: You have a wet piece of yarn and you have water in the bottom of a small beaker. You hold one end of the string in the small beaker. You slowly pour. What is happening and why is this happening?

A

The water flowed in capillary action, along the piece of yarn. Adhesion worked with cohesion. Cohesion caused the water to stay together and adhesion caused it to be attracted to the polar yarn.

22
Q

covalent bonds

A

when atoms fight over their electrons and therefore are bonded

23
Q

atoms

A
  • made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons
  • make up molecules
24
Q

molecules

A
  • made up of atoms
  • bonded covalently
25
Q

How many atoms is a single atom of hydrogen bonded to?

A

1

26
Q

How many atoms is a single atom of oxygen bonded to?

A

2

27
Q

How many atoms is a single atom of nitrogen bonded to?

A

3

28
Q

How many atoms is a single atom of carbon bonded to?

A

4

29
Q

nonpolar covalent bonds vs. polar covalent bonds

A

NONPOLAR COVALENT BONDS
- electrons are shared equally between two atoms
POLAR COVALENT BONDS
- electrons are shared unequally between atoms
- this causes one end of the bond having a partial positive charge and the other end of the bond having a partial negative charge

30
Q

nonpolar

A
  • when two atoms with the same electronegativities (attraction to electrons) bond and electrons are distributed equally
  • molecule w/o charge
31
Q

polar

A
  • when two atoms with different electronegativities are bonded, electrons are not distributed equally
  • molecule with charge
32
Q

Hydrogen in H2O has a partial _ charge.

A

+

33
Q

Oxygen in H2O has a partial _ charge.

A

-

34
Q

What molecular model does not show carbon atoms?

A

line drawigs

35
Q

1 line is

A

1 pair of electrons shared

36
Q
A

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