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KSUCPM RESEARCH > ASSESSING MEDICAL LITERATURE > Flashcards

ASSESSING MEDICAL LITERATURE Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the goal of evidence based medicine?

A

seeks the highest levels of published of research based on sound scientific design and ethical standards to improve patient care and life long learning for doctors

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2
Q

Grade for level I evidence or consistent findings from multiple studies of level II,III,IV

A

Grade A

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3
Q

Grade for level II,III or IV evidence and findings are generally consistent

A

Grade B

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4
Q

Grade for level II,III,or IV evidence, but findings are inconsistent

A

Grade C

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5
Q

Grade for Level V: Little or no systematic empirical evidence

A

Grade D

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6
Q

what are some methodologies that are research based?

A

randomized clinical trials

  • experimental
  • analytical
  • expensive

cohort, case controlled, case studies

  • observational
  • descriptive
  • dominate surgical literture
  • no interference
  • easier to conduct
  • less costly
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7
Q

what type of literature based review is this?

review and collection of data

A

narrative review

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8
Q

what type of literature based review is this?

conducted in an area of interest with low evidence, based on quality of evidence

A

scoping review

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9
Q

what type of literature based review is this?

specific clinical question
comprehensive literature search
explicit selection criteria
assess methodologies

A

systematic review

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10
Q

what type of literature based review is this?

takes data from papers and combines them to conduct a statistical analysis and summary from a randomized control study?

A

meta analysis

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11
Q

T/F, systematic review and meta analysis are not a formal experimental study but rather a non experimental or descriptive study?

A

T

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12
Q

how is a RCT conducted?

A

apply inclusion and exclusion criteria

randomization consisting of doctor (experimental), blinding (placebo) , and patient (control)

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13
Q

that are the different types of blinding?

A

single, double, measurement blinding

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14
Q

what are the two types of observer reliability?

A

intra observer

inter observer

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15
Q

what are some difficulties with the performance of RCT?

A

who want to be randomized
placebo surgery, risk vs reward
not all RCT are well designed

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16
Q

what are the two types of validity?

A

internal and external validity

17
Q

what is this type of validity?

the ability of a trial to come to the correct conclusion regarding the question being studied

A

internal validity

18
Q

what is this type of validity?

the ability of trial to produced results that are generalizable to a larger population of patients with disease?

A

external validity

19
Q

what is meant by confounding?

A

the effect on treatment and subsequent outcome altered as a result of preexisting risk factors

20
Q

what are the alternatives to RCT?

A

cohort studies that consist of case controlled, case series, case report

provide date for comparison
sampling based on exposure
allow for calculation of risk

21
Q

what are the two types of observational studies?

A

prospective and retrospective study

22
Q

what are some important points about observational studies?

A

not randomized
cannot control for confounding factors
only establish associations that exist between predictor and outcome variables
can’t establish associations identified as cause and effect
improved by greater attention

23
Q

what is this type of study?

focuses on a specific outcome or interest

looks at favorable vs unfavorable outcome

usually retrospective

A

case controlled study

24
Q

what is this type of study?

patients treated one way
outcome is important 
target pop must be definable
reproducible
retrospective
relys on medical records
A

case series study

25
Q

what are the threats to reproducible science?

A 
publication bias
failure to control for bias
low statistical power
poor quality control
P-hacking
26
Q

what is this type of method of analysis called?

use of an estimation from a sample population to a target population

A

statistics

27
Q

what are the four types of bias?

A

observation bias
selection bias
literature bias
publication bias

28
Q

what type of bias is this?

systematic variation between the true outcome and the outcome observed

A

observation bias

29
Q

what type of bias is this?

a flaw in sample selection
-loss to follow up

A

selection bias

30
Q

what type of bias is this?

English language only

A

literature bias

31
Q

what type of bias is this?

predatory journals

A

publication bias

32
Q

T/F, clinical significance is unrelated to statistical significance?

A

T

KSUCPM RESEARCH (6 decks)

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